Add Freetype support

1 files changed, 3877 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/cguittfont/irrUString.h b/src/cguittfont/irrUString.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f41fa1f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cguittfont/irrUString.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3877 @@
+/*
+   Basic Unicode string class for Irrlicht.
+   Copyright (c) 2009-2011 John Norman
+
+   This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+   warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any
+   damages arising from the use of this software.
+
+   Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
+   purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
+   redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+   1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you
+      must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use
+      this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
+      documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
+
+   2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
+      must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+   3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
+      distribution.
+
+   The original version of this class can be located at:
+   http://irrlicht.suckerfreegames.com/
+
+   John Norman
+   john@suckerfreegames.com
+*/
+
+#ifndef __IRR_USTRING_H_INCLUDED__
+#define __IRR_USTRING_H_INCLUDED__
+
+#if (__cplusplus > 199711L) || (_MSC_VER >= 1600) || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)
+#	define USTRING_CPP0X
+#	if defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || ((__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)))
+#		define USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS
+#	endif
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X
+#	include <utility>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef USTRING_NO_STL
+#	include <string>
+#	include <iterator>
+#	include <ostream>
+#endif
+
+#include "irrTypes.h"
+#include "irrAllocator.h"
+#include "irrArray.h"
+#include "irrMath.h"
+#include "irrString.h"
+#include "path.h"
+
+//! UTF-16 surrogate start values.
+static const irr::u16 UTF16_HI_SURROGATE = 0xD800;
+static const irr::u16 UTF16_LO_SURROGATE = 0xDC00;
+
+//! Is a UTF-16 code point a surrogate?
+#define UTF16_IS_SURROGATE(c)		(((c) & 0xF800) == 0xD800)
+#define UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(c)	(((c) & 0xFC00) == 0xD800)
+#define UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(c)	(((c) & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
+
+
+namespace irr
+{
+
+	// Define our character types.
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS	// C++0x
+	typedef char32_t uchar32_t;
+	typedef char16_t uchar16_t;
+	typedef char uchar8_t;
+#else
+	typedef u32 uchar32_t;
+	typedef u16 uchar16_t;
+	typedef u8 uchar8_t;
+#endif
+
+namespace core
+{
+
+namespace unicode
+{
+
+//! The unicode replacement character.  Used to replace invalid characters.
+const irr::u16 UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER = 0xFFFD;
+
+//! Convert a UTF-16 surrogate pair into a UTF-32 character.
+//! \param high The high value of the pair.
+//! \param low The low value of the pair.
+//! \return The UTF-32 character expressed by the surrogate pair.
+inline uchar32_t toUTF32(uchar16_t high, uchar16_t low)
+{
+	// Convert the surrogate pair into a single UTF-32 character.
+	uchar32_t x = ((high & ((1 << 6) -1)) << 10) | (low & ((1 << 10) -1));
+	uchar32_t wu = ((high >> 6) & ((1 << 5) - 1)) + 1;
+	return (wu << 16) | x;
+}
+
+//! Swaps the endianness of a 16-bit value.
+//! \return The new value.
+inline uchar16_t swapEndian16(const uchar16_t& c)
+{
+	return ((c >> 8) & 0x00FF) | ((c << 8) & 0xFF00);
+}
+
+//! Swaps the endianness of a 32-bit value.
+//! \return The new value.
+inline uchar32_t swapEndian32(const uchar32_t& c)
+{
+	return  ((c >> 24) & 0x000000FF) |
+			((c >> 8)  & 0x0000FF00) |
+			((c << 8)  & 0x00FF0000) |
+			((c << 24) & 0xFF000000);
+}
+
+//! The Unicode byte order mark.
+const u16 BOM = 0xFEFF;
+
+//! The size of the Unicode byte order mark in terms of the Unicode character size.
+const u8 BOM_UTF8_LEN = 3;
+const u8 BOM_UTF16_LEN = 1;
+const u8 BOM_UTF32_LEN = 1;
+
+//! Unicode byte order marks for file operations.
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF8[3] = { 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF };
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE[2] = { 0xFE, 0xFF };
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE[2] = { 0xFF, 0xFE };
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[4] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFF };
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[4] = { 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00 };
+
+//! The size in bytes of the Unicode byte marks for file operations.
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF8_LEN = 3;
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN = 2;
+const u8 BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LEN = 4;
+
+//! Unicode encoding type.
+enum EUTF_ENCODE
+{
+	EUTFE_NONE		= 0,
+	EUTFE_UTF8,
+	EUTFE_UTF16,
+	EUTFE_UTF16_LE,
+	EUTFE_UTF16_BE,
+	EUTFE_UTF32,
+	EUTFE_UTF32_LE,
+	EUTFE_UTF32_BE
+};
+
+//! Unicode endianness.
+enum EUTF_ENDIAN
+{
+	EUTFEE_NATIVE	= 0,
+	EUTFEE_LITTLE,
+	EUTFEE_BIG
+};
+
+//! Returns the specified unicode byte order mark in a byte array.
+//! The byte order mark is the first few bytes in a text file that signifies its encoding.
+/** \param mode The Unicode encoding method that we want to get the byte order mark for.
+		If EUTFE_UTF16 or EUTFE_UTF32 is passed, it uses the native system endianness. **/
+//! \return An array that contains a byte order mark.
+inline core::array<u8> getUnicodeBOM(EUTF_ENCODE mode)
+{
+#define COPY_ARRAY(source, size) \
+	memcpy(ret.pointer(), source, size); \
+	ret.set_used(size)
+
+	core::array<u8> ret(4);
+	switch (mode)
+	{
+		case EUTFE_UTF8:
+			COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF8, BOM_ENCODE_UTF8_LEN);
+			break;
+		case EUTFE_UTF16:
+			#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
+				COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN);
+			#else
+				COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN);
+			#endif
+			break;
+		case EUTFE_UTF16_BE:
+			COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN);
+			break;
+		case EUTFE_UTF16_LE:
+			COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN);
+			break;
+		case EUTFE_UTF32:
+			#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
+				COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LEN);
+			#else
+				COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LEN);
+			#endif
+			break;
+		case EUTFE_UTF32_BE:
+			COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LEN);
+			break;
+		case EUTFE_UTF32_LE:
+			COPY_ARRAY(BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE, BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LEN);
+			break;
+	}
+	return ret;
+
+#undef COPY_ARRAY
+}
+
+//! Detects if the given data stream starts with a unicode BOM.
+//! \param data The data stream to check.
+//! \return The unicode BOM associated with the data stream, or EUTFE_NONE if none was found.
+inline EUTF_ENCODE determineUnicodeBOM(const char* data)
+{
+	if (memcmp(data, BOM_ENCODE_UTF8, 3) == 0) return EUTFE_UTF8;
+	if (memcmp(data, BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE, 2) == 0) return EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+	if (memcmp(data, BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE, 2) == 0) return EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+	if (memcmp(data, BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE, 4) == 0) return EUTFE_UTF32_BE;
+	if (memcmp(data, BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE, 4) == 0) return EUTFE_UTF32_LE;
+	return EUTFE_NONE;
+}
+
+} // end namespace unicode
+
+
+//! UTF-16 string class.
+template <typename TAlloc = irrAllocator<uchar16_t> >
+class ustring16
+{
+public:
+
+	///------------------///
+	/// iterator classes ///
+	///------------------///
+
+	//! Access an element in a unicode string, allowing one to change it.
+	class _ustring16_iterator_access
+	{
+		public:
+			_ustring16_iterator_access(const ustring16<TAlloc>* s, u32 p) : ref(s), pos(p) {}
+
+			//! Allow the class to be interpreted as a single UTF-32 character.
+			operator uchar32_t() const
+			{
+				return _get();
+			}
+
+			//! Allow one to change the character in the unicode string.
+			//! \param c The new character to use.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator=(const uchar32_t c)
+			{
+				_set(c);
+				return *this;
+			}
+			
+			//! Increments the value by 1.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator++()
+			{
+				_set(_get() + 1);
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Increments the value by 1, returning the old value.
+			//! \return A unicode character.
+			uchar32_t operator++(int)
+			{
+				uchar32_t old = _get();
+				_set(old + 1);
+				return old;
+			}
+
+			//! Decrements the value by 1.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator--()
+			{
+				_set(_get() - 1);
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Decrements the value by 1, returning the old value.
+			//! \return A unicode character.
+			uchar32_t operator--(int)
+			{
+				uchar32_t old = _get();
+				_set(old - 1);
+				return old;
+			}
+
+			//! Adds to the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to add to this character.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator+=(int val)
+			{
+				_set(_get() + val);
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Subtracts from the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to subtract from this character.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator-=(int val)
+			{
+				_set(_get() - val);
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Multiples the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to multiply this character by.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator*=(int val)
+			{
+				_set(_get() * val);
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Divides the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to divide this character by.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator/=(int val)
+			{
+				_set(_get() / val);
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Modulos the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to modulo this character by.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_ustring16_iterator_access& operator%=(int val)
+			{
+				_set(_get() % val);
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Adds to the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to add to this character.
+			//! \return A unicode character.
+			uchar32_t operator+(int val) const
+			{
+				return _get() + val;
+			}
+
+			//! Subtracts from the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to subtract from this character.
+			//! \return A unicode character.
+			uchar32_t operator-(int val) const
+			{
+				return _get() - val;
+			}
+
+			//! Multiplies the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to multiply this character by.
+			//! \return A unicode character.
+			uchar32_t operator*(int val) const
+			{
+				return _get() * val;
+			}
+
+			//! Divides the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to divide this character by.
+			//! \return A unicode character.
+			uchar32_t operator/(int val) const
+			{
+				return _get() / val;
+			}
+
+			//! Modulos the value by a specified amount.
+			//! \param val The amount to modulo this character by.
+			//! \return A unicode character.
+			uchar32_t operator%(int val) const
+			{
+				return _get() % val;
+			}
+
+		private:
+			//! Gets a uchar32_t from our current position.
+			uchar32_t _get() const
+			{
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				if (!UTF16_IS_SURROGATE(a[pos]))
+					return static_cast<uchar32_t>(a[pos]);
+				else
+				{
+					if (pos + 1 >= ref->size_raw())
+						return 0;
+
+					return unicode::toUTF32(a[pos], a[pos + 1]);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			//! Sets a uchar32_t at our current position.
+			void _set(uchar32_t c)
+			{
+				ustring16<TAlloc>* ref2 = const_cast<ustring16<TAlloc>*>(ref);
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref2->c_str();
+				if (c > 0xFFFF)
+				{
+					// c will be multibyte, so split it up into the high and low surrogate pairs.
+					uchar16_t x = static_cast<uchar16_t>(c);
+					uchar16_t vh = UTF16_HI_SURROGATE | ((((c >> 16) & ((1 << 5) - 1)) - 1) << 6) | (x >> 10);
+					uchar16_t vl = UTF16_LO_SURROGATE | (x & ((1 << 10) - 1));
+
+					// If the previous position was a surrogate pair, just replace them.  Else, insert the low pair.
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(a[pos]) && pos + 1 != ref2->size_raw())
+						ref2->replace_raw(vl, static_cast<u32>(pos) + 1);
+					else ref2->insert_raw(vl, static_cast<u32>(pos) + 1);
+
+					ref2->replace_raw(vh, static_cast<u32>(pos));
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					// c will be a single byte.
+					uchar16_t vh = static_cast<uchar16_t>(c);
+
+					// If the previous position was a surrogate pair, remove the extra byte.
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(a[pos]))
+						ref2->erase_raw(static_cast<u32>(pos) + 1);
+
+					ref2->replace_raw(vh, static_cast<u32>(pos));
+				}
+			}
+
+			const ustring16<TAlloc>* ref;
+			u32 pos;
+	};
+	typedef typename ustring16<TAlloc>::_ustring16_iterator_access access;
+
+
+	//! Iterator to iterate through a UTF-16 string.
+#ifndef USTRING_NO_STL
+	class _ustring16_const_iterator : public std::iterator<
+		std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,	// iterator_category
+		access,								// value_type
+		ptrdiff_t,							// difference_type
+		const access,						// pointer
+		const access						// reference
+	>
+#else
+	class _ustring16_const_iterator
+#endif
+	{
+		public:
+			typedef _ustring16_const_iterator _Iter;
+			typedef std::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, access, ptrdiff_t, const access, const access> _Base;
+			typedef const access const_pointer;
+			typedef const access const_reference;
+
+#ifndef USTRING_NO_STL
+			typedef typename _Base::value_type value_type;
+			typedef typename _Base::difference_type difference_type;
+			typedef typename _Base::difference_type distance_type;
+			typedef typename _Base::pointer pointer;
+			typedef const_reference reference;
+#else
+			typedef access value_type;
+			typedef u32 difference_type;
+			typedef u32 distance_type;
+			typedef const_pointer pointer;
+			typedef const_reference reference;
+#endif
+
+			//! Constructors.
+			_ustring16_const_iterator(const _Iter& i) : ref(i.ref), pos(i.pos) {}
+			_ustring16_const_iterator(const ustring16<TAlloc>& s) : ref(&s), pos(0) {}
+			_ustring16_const_iterator(const ustring16<TAlloc>& s, const u32 p) : ref(&s), pos(0)
+			{
+				if (ref->size_raw() == 0 || p == 0)
+					return;
+
+				// Go to the appropriate position.
+				u32 i = p;
+				u32 sr = ref->size_raw();
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				while (i != 0 && pos < sr)
+				{
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(a[pos]))
+						pos += 2;
+					else ++pos;
+					--i;
+				}
+			}
+
+			//! Test for equalness.
+			bool operator==(const _Iter& iter) const
+			{
+				if (ref == iter.ref && pos == iter.pos)
+					return true;
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			//! Test for unequalness.
+			bool operator!=(const _Iter& iter) const
+			{
+				if (ref != iter.ref || pos != iter.pos)
+					return true;
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			//! Switch to the next full character in the string.
+			_Iter& operator++()
+			{	// ++iterator
+				if (pos == ref->size_raw()) return *this;
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(a[pos]))
+					pos += 2;			// TODO: check for valid low surrogate?
+				else ++pos;
+				if (pos > ref->size_raw()) pos = ref->size_raw();
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Switch to the next full character in the string, returning the previous position.
+			_Iter operator++(int)
+			{	// iterator++
+				_Iter _tmp(*this);
+				++*this;
+				return _tmp;
+			}
+
+			//! Switch to the previous full character in the string.
+			_Iter& operator--()
+			{	// --iterator
+				if (pos == 0) return *this;
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				--pos;
+				if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(a[pos]) && pos != 0)	// low surrogate, go back one more.
+					--pos;
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Switch to the previous full character in the string, returning the previous position.
+			_Iter operator--(int)
+			{	// iterator--
+				_Iter _tmp(*this);
+				--*this;
+				return _tmp;
+			}
+
+			//! Advance a specified number of full characters in the string.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_Iter& operator+=(const difference_type v)
+			{
+				if (v == 0) return *this;
+				if (v < 0) return operator-=(v * -1);
+
+				if (pos >= ref->size_raw())
+					return *this;
+
+				// Go to the appropriate position.
+				// TODO: Don't force u32 on an x64 OS.  Make it agnostic.
+				u32 i = (u32)v;
+				u32 sr = ref->size_raw();
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				while (i != 0 && pos < sr)
+				{
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(a[pos]))
+						pos += 2;
+					else ++pos;
+					--i;
+				}
+				if (pos > sr)
+					pos = sr;
+
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Go back a specified number of full characters in the string.
+			//! \return Myself.
+			_Iter& operator-=(const difference_type v)
+			{
+				if (v == 0) return *this;
+				if (v > 0) return operator+=(v * -1);
+
+				if (pos == 0)
+					return *this;
+
+				// Go to the appropriate position.
+				// TODO: Don't force u32 on an x64 OS.  Make it agnostic.
+				u32 i = (u32)v;
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				while (i != 0 && pos != 0)
+				{
+					--pos;
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(a[pos]) != 0 && pos != 0)
+						--pos;
+					--i;
+				}
+
+				return *this;
+			}
+
+			//! Return a new iterator that is a variable number of full characters forward from the current position.
+			_Iter operator+(const difference_type v) const
+			{
+				_Iter ret(*this);
+				ret += v;
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			//! Return a new iterator that is a variable number of full characters backward from the current position.
+			_Iter operator-(const difference_type v) const
+			{
+				_Iter ret(*this);
+				ret -= v;
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			//! Returns the distance between two iterators.
+			difference_type operator-(const _Iter& iter) const
+			{
+				// Make sure we reference the same object!
+				if (ref != iter.ref)
+					return difference_type();
+
+				_Iter i = iter;
+				difference_type ret;
+
+				// Walk up.
+				if (pos > i.pos)
+				{
+					while (pos > i.pos)
+					{
+						++i;
+						++ret;
+					}
+					return ret;
+				}
+
+				// Walk down.
+				while (pos < i.pos)
+				{
+					--i;
+					--ret;
+				}
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			const_reference operator*() const
+			{
+				if (pos >= ref->size_raw())
+				{
+					const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+					u32 p = ref->size_raw();
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(a[p]))
+						--p;
+					reference ret(ref, p);
+					return ret;
+				}
+				const_reference ret(ref, pos);
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			reference operator*()
+			{
+				if (pos >= ref->size_raw())
+				{
+					const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+					u32 p = ref->size_raw();
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(a[p]))
+						--p;
+					reference ret(ref, p);
+					return ret;
+				}
+				reference ret(ref, pos);
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			const_pointer operator->() const
+			{
+				return operator*();
+			}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			pointer operator->()
+			{
+				return operator*();
+			}
+
+			//! Is the iterator at the start of the string?
+			bool atStart() const
+			{
+				return pos == 0;
+			}
+
+			//! Is the iterator at the end of the string?
+			bool atEnd() const
+			{
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE(a[pos]))
+					return (pos + 1) >= ref->size_raw();
+				else return pos >= ref->size_raw();
+			}
+
+			//! Moves the iterator to the start of the string.
+			void toStart()
+			{
+				pos = 0;
+			}
+
+			//! Moves the iterator to the end of the string.
+			void toEnd()
+			{
+				const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+				pos = ref->size_raw();
+			}
+
+			//! Returns the iterator's position.
+			//! \return The iterator's position.
+			u32 getPos() const
+			{
+				return pos;
+			}
+
+		protected:
+			const ustring16<TAlloc>* ref;
+			u32 pos;
+	};
+
+	//! Iterator to iterate through a UTF-16 string.
+	class _ustring16_iterator : public _ustring16_const_iterator
+	{
+		public:
+			typedef _ustring16_iterator _Iter;
+			typedef _ustring16_const_iterator _Base;
+			typedef typename _Base::const_pointer const_pointer;
+			typedef typename _Base::const_reference const_reference;
+
+			typedef typename _Base::value_type value_type;
+			typedef typename _Base::difference_type difference_type;
+			typedef typename _Base::distance_type distance_type;
+			typedef access pointer;
+			typedef access reference;
+			
+			using _Base::pos;
+			using _Base::ref;
+
+			//! Constructors.
+			_ustring16_iterator(const _Iter& i) : _ustring16_const_iterator(i) {}
+			_ustring16_iterator(const ustring16<TAlloc>& s) : _ustring16_const_iterator(s) {}
+			_ustring16_iterator(const ustring16<TAlloc>& s, const u32 p) : _ustring16_const_iterator(s, p) {}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			reference operator*() const
+			{
+				if (pos >= ref->size_raw())
+				{
+					const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+					u32 p = ref->size_raw();
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(a[p]))
+						--p;
+					reference ret(ref, p);
+					return ret;
+				}
+				reference ret(ref, pos);
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			reference operator*()
+			{
+				if (pos >= ref->size_raw())
+				{
+					const uchar16_t* a = ref->c_str();
+					u32 p = ref->size_raw();
+					if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(a[p]))
+						--p;
+					reference ret(ref, p);
+					return ret;
+				}
+				reference ret(ref, pos);
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			pointer operator->() const
+			{
+				return operator*();
+			}
+
+			//! Accesses the full character at the iterator's position.
+			pointer operator->()
+			{
+				return operator*();
+			}
+	};
+
+	typedef typename ustring16<TAlloc>::_ustring16_iterator iterator;
+	typedef typename ustring16<TAlloc>::_ustring16_const_iterator const_iterator;
+
+	///----------------------///
+	/// end iterator classes ///
+	///----------------------///
+
+	//! Default constructor
+	ustring16()
+	: array(0), allocated(1), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+		array = allocator.allocate(1); // new u16[1];
+		array[0] = 0x0;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor
+	ustring16(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+		*this = other;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor from other string types
+	template <class B, class A>
+	ustring16(const string<B, A>& other)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+		*this = other;
+	}
+
+
+#ifndef USTRING_NO_STL
+	//! Constructor from std::string
+	template <class B, class A, typename Alloc>
+	ustring16(const std::basic_string<B, A, Alloc>& other)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+		*this = other.c_str();
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor from iterator.
+	template <typename Itr>
+	ustring16(Itr first, Itr last)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+		reserve(std::distance(first, last));
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		for (; first != last; ++first)
+			append((uchar32_t)*first);
+	}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS
+	//! Constructor for copying a character string from a pointer.
+	ustring16(const char* const c)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		loadDataStream(c, strlen(c));
+		//append((uchar8_t*)c);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a character string from a pointer with a given length.
+	ustring16(const char* const c, u32 length)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		loadDataStream(c, length);
+	}
+#endif
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a UTF-8 string from a pointer.
+	ustring16(const uchar8_t* const c)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		append(c);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a UTF-8 string from a single char.
+	ustring16(const char c)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		append((uchar32_t)c);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a UTF-8 string from a pointer with a given length.
+	ustring16(const uchar8_t* const c, u32 length)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		append(c, length);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a UTF-16 string from a pointer.
+	ustring16(const uchar16_t* const c)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		append(c);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a UTF-16 string from a pointer with a given length
+	ustring16(const uchar16_t* const c, u32 length)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		append(c, length);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a UTF-32 string from a pointer.
+	ustring16(const uchar32_t* const c)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		append(c);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a UTF-32 from a pointer with a given length.
+	ustring16(const uchar32_t* const c, u32 length)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		append(c, length);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a wchar_t string from a pointer.
+	ustring16(const wchar_t* const c)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 4)
+			append(reinterpret_cast<const uchar32_t* const>(c));
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
+			append(reinterpret_cast<const uchar16_t* const>(c));
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 1)
+			append(reinterpret_cast<const uchar8_t* const>(c));
+	}
+
+
+	//! Constructor for copying a wchar_t string from a pointer with a given length.
+	ustring16(const wchar_t* const c, u32 length)
+	: array(0), allocated(0), used(0)
+	{
+#if __BIG_ENDIAN__
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE;
+#else
+		encoding = unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE;
+#endif
+
+		if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 4)
+			append(reinterpret_cast<const uchar32_t* const>(c), length);
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
+			append(reinterpret_cast<const uchar16_t* const>(c), length);
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 1)
+			append(reinterpret_cast<const uchar8_t* const>(c), length);
+	}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X
+	//! Constructor for moving a ustring16
+	ustring16(ustring16<TAlloc>&& other)
+	: array(other.array), encoding(other.encoding), allocated(other.allocated), used(other.used)
+	{
+		//std::cout << "MOVE constructor" << std::endl;
+		other.array = 0;
+		other.allocated = 0;
+		other.used = 0;
+	}
+#endif
+
+
+	//! Destructor
+	~ustring16()
+	{
+		allocator.deallocate(array); // delete [] array;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Assignment operator
+	ustring16& operator=(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other)
+	{
+		if (this == &other)
+			return *this;
+
+		used = other.size_raw();
+		if (used >= allocated)
+		{
+			allocator.deallocate(array); // delete [] array;
+			allocated = used + 1;
+			array = allocator.allocate(used + 1); //new u16[used];
+		}
+
+		const uchar16_t* p = other.c_str();
+		for (u32 i=0; i<=used; ++i, ++p)
+			array[i] = *p;
+
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		// Validate our new UTF-16 string.
+		validate();
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X
+	//! Move assignment operator
+	ustring16& operator=(ustring16<TAlloc>&& other)
+	{
+		if (this != &other)
+		{
+			//std::cout << "MOVE operator=" << std::endl;
+			allocator.deallocate(array);
+
+			array = other.array;
+			allocated = other.allocated;
+			encoding = other.encoding;
+			used = other.used;
+			other.array = 0;
+			other.used = 0;
+		}
+		return *this;
+	}
+#endif
+
+
+	//! Assignment operator for other string types
+	template <class B, class A>
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator=(const string<B, A>& other)
+	{
+		*this = other.c_str();
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Assignment operator for UTF-8 strings
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator=(const uchar8_t* const c)
+	{
+		if (!array)
+		{
+			array = allocator.allocate(1); //new u16[1];
+			allocated = 1;
+		}
+		used = 0;
+		array[used] = 0x0;
+		if (!c) return *this;
+
+		//! Append our string now.
+		append(c);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Assignment operator for UTF-16 strings
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator=(const uchar16_t* const c)
+	{
+		if (!array)
+		{
+			array = allocator.allocate(1); //new u16[1];
+			allocated = 1;
+		}
+		used = 0;
+		array[used] = 0x0;
+		if (!c) return *this;
+
+		//! Append our string now.
+		append(c);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Assignment operator for UTF-32 strings
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator=(const uchar32_t* const c)
+	{
+		if (!array)
+		{
+			array = allocator.allocate(1); //new u16[1];
+			allocated = 1;
+		}
+		used = 0;
+		array[used] = 0x0;
+		if (!c) return *this;
+
+		//! Append our string now.
+		append(c);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Assignment operator for wchar_t strings.
+	/** Note that this assumes that a correct unicode string is stored in the wchar_t string.
+		Since wchar_t changes depending on its platform, it could either be a UTF-8, -16, or -32 string.
+		This function assumes you are storing the correct unicode encoding inside the wchar_t string. **/
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator=(const wchar_t* const c)
+	{
+		if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 4)
+			*this = reinterpret_cast<const uchar32_t* const>(c);
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
+			*this = reinterpret_cast<const uchar16_t* const>(c);
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 1)
+			*this = reinterpret_cast<const uchar8_t* const>(c);
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Assignment operator for other strings.
+	/** Note that this assumes that a correct unicode string is stored in the string. **/
+	template <class B>
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator=(const B* const c)
+	{
+		if (sizeof(B) == 4)
+			*this = reinterpret_cast<const uchar32_t* const>(c);
+		else if (sizeof(B) == 2)
+			*this = reinterpret_cast<const uchar16_t* const>(c);
+		else if (sizeof(B) == 1)
+			*this = reinterpret_cast<const uchar8_t* const>(c);
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Direct access operator
+	access operator [](const u32 index)
+	{
+		_IRR_DEBUG_BREAK_IF(index>=size()) // bad index
+		iterator iter(*this, index);
+		return iter.operator*();
+	}
+
+
+	//! Direct access operator
+	const access operator [](const u32 index) const
+	{
+		_IRR_DEBUG_BREAK_IF(index>=size()) // bad index
+		const_iterator iter(*this, index);
+		return iter.operator*();
+	}
+
+
+	//! Equality operator
+	bool operator ==(const uchar16_t* const str) const
+	{
+		if (!str)
+			return false;
+
+		u32 i;
+		for(i=0; array[i] && str[i]; ++i)
+			if (array[i] != str[i])
+				return false;
+
+		return !array[i] && !str[i];
+	}
+
+
+	//! Equality operator
+	bool operator ==(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other) const
+	{
+		for(u32 i=0; array[i] && other.array[i]; ++i)
+			if (array[i] != other.array[i])
+				return false;
+
+		return used == other.used;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Is smaller comparator
+	bool operator <(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other) const
+	{
+		for(u32 i=0; array[i] && other.array[i]; ++i)
+		{
+			s32 diff = array[i] - other.array[i];
+			if ( diff )
+				return diff < 0;
+		}
+
+		return used < other.used;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Inequality operator
+	bool operator !=(const uchar16_t* const str) const
+	{
+		return !(*this == str);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Inequality operator
+	bool operator !=(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other) const
+	{
+		return !(*this == other);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns the length of a ustring16 in full characters.
+	//! \return Length of a ustring16 in full characters.
+	u32 size() const
+	{
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+		u32 pos = 0;
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			++i;
+			++pos;
+		}
+		return pos;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Informs if the ustring is empty or not.
+	//! \return True if the ustring is empty, false if not.
+	bool empty() const
+	{
+		return (size_raw() == 0);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns a pointer to the raw UTF-16 string data.
+	//! \return pointer to C-style NUL terminated array of UTF-16 code points.
+	const uchar16_t* c_str() const
+	{
+		return array;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Compares the first n characters of this string with another.
+	//! \param other Other string to compare to.
+	//! \param n Number of characters to compare.
+	//! \return True if the n first characters of both strings are equal.
+	bool equalsn(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other, u32 n) const
+	{
+		u32 i;
+		const uchar16_t* oa = other.c_str();
+		for(i=0; array[i] && oa[i] && i < n; ++i)
+			if (array[i] != oa[i])
+				return false;
+
+		// if one (or both) of the strings was smaller then they
+		// are only equal if they have the same length
+		return (i == n) || (used == other.used);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Compares the first n characters of this string with another.
+	//! \param str Other string to compare to.
+	//! \param n Number of characters to compare.
+	//! \return True if the n first characters of both strings are equal.
+	bool equalsn(const uchar16_t* const str, u32 n) const
+	{
+		if (!str)
+			return false;
+		u32 i;
+		for(i=0; array[i] && str[i] && i < n; ++i)
+			if (array[i] != str[i])
+				return false;
+
+		// if one (or both) of the strings was smaller then they
+		// are only equal if they have the same length
+		return (i == n) || (array[i] == 0 && str[i] == 0);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a character to this ustring16
+	//! \param character The character to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& append(uchar32_t character)
+	{
+		if (used + 2 >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + 2);
+
+		if (character > 0xFFFF)
+		{
+			used += 2;
+
+			// character will be multibyte, so split it up into a surrogate pair.
+			uchar16_t x = static_cast<uchar16_t>(character);
+			uchar16_t vh = UTF16_HI_SURROGATE | ((((character >> 16) & ((1 << 5) - 1)) - 1) << 6) | (x >> 10);
+			uchar16_t vl = UTF16_LO_SURROGATE | (x & ((1 << 10) - 1));
+			array[used-2] = vh;
+			array[used-1] = vl;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			++used;
+			array[used-1] = character;
+		}
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a UTF-8 string to this ustring16
+	//! \param other The UTF-8 string to append.
+	//! \param length The length of the string to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& append(const uchar8_t* const other, u32 length=0xffffffff)
+	{
+		if (!other)
+			return *this;
+
+		// Determine if the string is long enough for a BOM.
+		u32 len = 0;
+		const uchar8_t* p = other;
+		do
+		{
+			++len;
+		} while (*p++ && len < unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8_LEN);
+
+		// Check for BOM.
+		unicode::EUTF_ENCODE c_bom = unicode::EUTFE_NONE;
+		if (len == unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8_LEN)
+		{
+			if (memcmp(other, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8_LEN) == 0)
+				c_bom = unicode::EUTFE_UTF8;
+		}
+
+		// If a BOM was found, don't include it in the string.
+		const uchar8_t* c2 = other;
+		if (c_bom != unicode::EUTFE_NONE)
+		{
+			c2 = other + unicode::BOM_UTF8_LEN;
+			length -= unicode::BOM_UTF8_LEN;
+		}
+
+		// Calculate the size of the string to read in.
+		len = 0;
+		p = c2;
+		do
+		{
+			++len;
+		} while(*p++ && len < length);
+		if (len > length)
+			len = length;
+
+		// If we need to grow the array, do it now.
+		if (used + len >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + (len * 2));
+		u32 start = used;
+
+		// Convert UTF-8 to UTF-16.
+		u32 pos = start;
+		for (u32 l = 0; l<len;)
+		{
+			++used;
+			if (((c2[l] >> 6) & 0x03) == 0x02)
+			{	// Invalid continuation byte.
+				array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+				++l;
+			}
+			else if (c2[l] == 0xC0 || c2[l] == 0xC1)
+			{	// Invalid byte - overlong encoding.
+				array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+				++l;
+			}
+			else if ((c2[l] & 0xF8) == 0xF0)
+			{	// 4 bytes UTF-8, 2 bytes UTF-16.
+				// Check for a full string.
+				if ((l + 3) >= len)
+				{
+					array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+					l += 3;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				// Validate.
+				bool valid = true;
+				u8 l2 = 0;
+				if (valid && (((c2[l+1] >> 6) & 0x03) == 0x02)) ++l2; else valid = false;
+				if (valid && (((c2[l+2] >> 6) & 0x03) == 0x02)) ++l2; else valid = false;
+				if (valid && (((c2[l+3] >> 6) & 0x03) == 0x02)) ++l2; else valid = false;
+				if (!valid)
+				{
+					array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+					l += l2;
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				// Decode.
+				uchar8_t b1 = ((c2[l] & 0x7) << 2) | ((c2[l+1] >> 4) & 0x3);
+				uchar8_t b2 = ((c2[l+1] & 0xF) << 4) | ((c2[l+2] >> 2) & 0xF);
+				uchar8_t b3 = ((c2[l+2] & 0x3) << 6) | (c2[l+3] & 0x3F);
+				uchar32_t v = b3 | ((uchar32_t)b2 << 8) | ((uchar32_t)b1 << 16);
+
+				// Split v up into a surrogate pair.
+				uchar16_t x = static_cast<uchar16_t>(v);
+				uchar16_t vh = UTF16_HI_SURROGATE | ((((v >> 16) & ((1 << 5) - 1)) - 1) << 6) | (x >> 10);
+				uchar16_t vl = UTF16_LO_SURROGATE | (x & ((1 << 10) - 1));
+
+				array[pos++] = vh;
+				array[pos++] = vl;
+				l += 4;
+				++used;		// Using two shorts this time, so increase used by 1.
+			}
+			else if ((c2[l] & 0xF0) == 0xE0)
+			{	// 3 bytes UTF-8, 1 byte UTF-16.
+				// Check for a full string.
+				if ((l + 2) >= len)
+				{
+					array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+					l += 2;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				// Validate.
+				bool valid = true;
+				u8 l2 = 0;
+				if (valid && (((c2[l+1] >> 6) & 0x03) == 0x02)) ++l2; else valid = false;
+				if (valid && (((c2[l+2] >> 6) & 0x03) == 0x02)) ++l2; else valid = false;
+				if (!valid)
+				{
+					array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+					l += l2;
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				// Decode.
+				uchar8_t b1 = ((c2[l] & 0xF) << 4) | ((c2[l+1] >> 2) & 0xF);
+				uchar8_t b2 = ((c2[l+1] & 0x3) << 6) | (c2[l+2] & 0x3F);
+				uchar16_t ch = b2 | ((uchar16_t)b1 << 8);
+				array[pos++] = ch;
+				l += 3;
+			}
+			else if ((c2[l] & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
+			{	// 2 bytes UTF-8, 1 byte UTF-16.
+				// Check for a full string.
+				if ((l + 1) >= len)
+				{
+					array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+					l += 1;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				// Validate.
+				if (((c2[l+1] >> 6) & 0x03) != 0x02)
+				{
+					array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+					++l;
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				// Decode.
+				uchar8_t b1 = (c2[l] >> 2) & 0x7;
+				uchar8_t b2 = ((c2[l] & 0x3) << 6) | (c2[l+1] & 0x3F);
+				uchar16_t ch = b2 | ((uchar16_t)b1 << 8);
+				array[pos++] = ch;
+				l += 2;
+			}
+			else
+			{	// 1 byte UTF-8, 1 byte UTF-16.
+				// Validate.
+				if (c2[l] > 0x7F)
+				{	// Values above 0xF4 are restricted and aren't used.  By now, anything above 0x7F is invalid.
+					array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+				}
+				else array[pos++] = static_cast<uchar16_t>(c2[l]);
+				++l;
+			}
+		}
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		// Validate our new UTF-16 string.
+		validate();
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a UTF-16 string to this ustring16
+	//! \param other The UTF-16 string to append.
+	//! \param length The length of the string to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& append(const uchar16_t* const other, u32 length=0xffffffff)
+	{
+		if (!other)
+			return *this;
+
+		// Determine if the string is long enough for a BOM.
+		u32 len = 0;
+		const uchar16_t* p = other;
+		do
+		{
+			++len;
+		} while (*p++ && len < unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN);
+
+		// Check for the BOM to determine the string's endianness.
+		unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN c_end = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE;
+		if (memcmp(other, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN) == 0)
+			c_end = unicode::EUTFEE_LITTLE;
+		else if (memcmp(other, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LEN) == 0)
+			c_end = unicode::EUTFEE_BIG;
+
+		// If a BOM was found, don't include it in the string.
+		const uchar16_t* c2 = other;
+		if (c_end != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE)
+		{
+			c2 = other + unicode::BOM_UTF16_LEN;
+			length -= unicode::BOM_UTF16_LEN;
+		}
+
+		// Calculate the size of the string to read in.
+		len = 0;
+		p = c2;
+		do
+		{
+			++len;
+		} while(*p++ && len < length);
+		if (len > length)
+			len = length;
+
+		// If we need to grow the size of the array, do it now.
+		if (used + len >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + (len * 2));
+		u32 start = used;
+		used += len;
+
+		// Copy the string now.
+		unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN m_end = getEndianness();
+		for (u32 l = start; l < start + len; ++l)
+		{
+			array[l] = (uchar16_t)c2[l];
+			if (c_end != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && c_end != m_end)
+				array[l] = unicode::swapEndian16(array[l]);
+		}
+
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		// Validate our new UTF-16 string.
+		validate();
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a UTF-32 string to this ustring16
+	//! \param other The UTF-32 string to append.
+	//! \param length The length of the string to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& append(const uchar32_t* const other, u32 length=0xffffffff)
+	{
+		if (!other)
+			return *this;
+
+		// Check for the BOM to determine the string's endianness.
+		unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN c_end = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE;
+		if (memcmp(other, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LEN) == 0)
+			c_end = unicode::EUTFEE_LITTLE;
+		else if (memcmp(other, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE, unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LEN) == 0)
+			c_end = unicode::EUTFEE_BIG;
+
+		// If a BOM was found, don't include it in the string.
+		const uchar32_t* c2 = other;
+		if (c_end != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE)
+		{
+			c2 = other + unicode::BOM_UTF32_LEN;
+			length -= unicode::BOM_UTF32_LEN;
+		}
+
+		// Calculate the size of the string to read in.
+		u32 len = 0;
+		const uchar32_t* p = c2;
+		do
+		{
+			++len;
+		} while(*p++ && len < length);
+		if (len > length)
+			len = length;
+
+		// If we need to grow the size of the array, do it now.
+		// In case all of the UTF-32 string is split into surrogate pairs, do len * 2.
+		if (used + (len * 2) >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + ((len * 2) * 2));
+		u32 start = used;
+
+		// Convert UTF-32 to UTF-16.
+		unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN m_end = getEndianness();
+		u32 pos = start;
+		for (u32 l = 0; l<len; ++l)
+		{
+			++used;
+
+			uchar32_t ch = c2[l];
+			if (c_end != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && c_end != m_end)
+				ch = unicode::swapEndian32(ch);
+
+			if (ch > 0xFFFF)
+			{
+				// Split ch up into a surrogate pair as it is over 16 bits long.
+				uchar16_t x = static_cast<uchar16_t>(ch);
+				uchar16_t vh = UTF16_HI_SURROGATE | ((((ch >> 16) & ((1 << 5) - 1)) - 1) << 6) | (x >> 10);
+				uchar16_t vl = UTF16_LO_SURROGATE | (x & ((1 << 10) - 1));
+				array[pos++] = vh;
+				array[pos++] = vl;
+				++used;		// Using two shorts, so increased used again.
+			}
+			else if (ch >= 0xD800 && ch <= 0xDFFF)
+			{
+				// Between possible UTF-16 surrogates (invalid!)
+				array[pos++] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+			}
+			else array[pos++] = static_cast<uchar16_t>(ch);
+		}
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		// Validate our new UTF-16 string.
+		validate();
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a ustring16 to this ustring16
+	//! \param other The string to append to this one.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& append(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other)
+	{
+		const uchar16_t* oa = other.c_str();
+
+		u32 len = other.size_raw();
+
+		if (used + len >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + len);
+
+		for (u32 l=0; l<len; ++l)
+			array[used+l] = oa[l];
+
+		used += len;
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a certain amount of characters of a ustring16 to this ustring16.
+	//! \param other The string to append to this one.
+	//! \param length How many characters of the other string to add to this one.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& append(const ustring16<TAlloc>& other, u32 length)
+	{
+		if (other.size() == 0)
+			return *this;
+
+		if (other.size() < length)
+		{
+			append(other);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		if (used + length * 2 >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + length * 2);
+
+		const_iterator iter(other, 0);
+		u32 l = length;
+		while (!iter.atEnd() && l)
+		{
+			uchar32_t c = *iter;
+			append(c);
+			++iter;
+			--l;
+		}
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Reserves some memory.
+	//! \param count The amount of characters to reserve.
+	void reserve(u32 count)
+	{
+		if (count < allocated)
+			return;
+
+		reallocate(count);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Finds first occurrence of character.
+	//! \param c The character to search for.
+	//! \return Position where the character has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 findFirst(uchar32_t c) const
+	{
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+
+		s32 pos = 0;
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t t = *i;
+			if (c == t)
+				return pos;
+			++pos;
+			++i;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//! Finds first occurrence of a character of a list.
+	//! \param c A list of characters to find. For example if the method should find the first occurrence of 'a' or 'b', this parameter should be "ab".
+	//! \param count The amount of characters in the list. Usually, this should be strlen(c).
+	//! \return Position where one of the characters has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 findFirstChar(const uchar32_t* const c, u32 count=1) const
+	{
+		if (!c || !count)
+			return -1;
+
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+
+		s32 pos = 0;
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t t = *i;
+			for (u32 j=0; j<count; ++j)
+				if (t == c[j])
+					return pos;
+			++pos;
+			++i;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Finds first position of a character not in a given list.
+	//! \param c A list of characters to NOT find. For example if the method should find the first occurrence of a character not 'a' or 'b', this parameter should be "ab".
+	//! \param count The amount of characters in the list. Usually, this should be strlen(c).
+	//! \return Position where the character has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 findFirstCharNotInList(const uchar32_t* const c, u32 count=1) const
+	{
+		if (!c || !count)
+			return -1;
+
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+
+		s32 pos = 0;
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t t = *i;
+			u32 j;
+			for (j=0; j<count; ++j)
+				if (t == c[j])
+					break;
+
+			if (j==count)
+				return pos;
+			++pos;
+			++i;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//! Finds last position of a character not in a given list.
+	//! \param c A list of characters to NOT find. For example if the method should find the first occurrence of a character not 'a' or 'b', this parameter should be "ab".
+	//! \param count The amount of characters in the list. Usually, this should be strlen(c).
+	//! \return Position where the character has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 findLastCharNotInList(const uchar32_t* const c, u32 count=1) const
+	{
+		if (!c || !count)
+			return -1;
+
+		const_iterator i(end());
+		--i;
+
+		s32 pos = size() - 1;
+		while (!i.atStart())
+		{
+			uchar32_t t = *i;
+			u32 j;
+			for (j=0; j<count; ++j)
+				if (t == c[j])
+					break;
+
+			if (j==count)
+				return pos;
+			--pos;
+			--i;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//! Finds next occurrence of character.
+	//! \param c The character to search for.
+	//! \param startPos The position in the string to start searching.
+	//! \return Position where the character has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 findNext(uchar32_t c, u32 startPos) const
+	{
+		const_iterator i(*this, startPos);
+
+		s32 pos = startPos;
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t t = *i;
+			if (t == c)
+				return pos;
+			++pos;
+			++i;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Finds last occurrence of character.
+	//! \param c The character to search for.
+	//! \param start The start position of the reverse search ( default = -1, on end ).
+	//! \return Position where the character has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 findLast(uchar32_t c, s32 start = -1) const
+	{
+		u32 s = size();
+		start = core::clamp ( start < 0 ? (s32)s : start, 0, (s32)s ) - 1;
+
+		const_iterator i(*this, start);
+		u32 pos = start;
+		while (!i.atStart())
+		{
+			uchar32_t t = *i;
+			if (t == c)
+				return pos;
+			--pos;
+			--i;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//! Finds last occurrence of a character in a list.
+	//! \param c A list of strings to find. For example if the method should find the last occurrence of 'a' or 'b', this parameter should be "ab".
+	//! \param count The amount of characters in the list. Usually, this should be strlen(c).
+	//! \return Position where one of the characters has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 findLastChar(const uchar32_t* const c, u32 count=1) const
+	{
+		if (!c || !count)
+			return -1;
+
+		const_iterator i(end());
+		--i;
+
+		s32 pos = size();
+		while (!i.atStart())
+		{
+			uchar32_t t = *i;
+			for (u32 j=0; j<count; ++j)
+				if (t == c[j])
+					return pos;
+			--pos;
+			--i;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Finds another ustring16 in this ustring16.
+	//! \param str The string to find.
+	//! \param start The start position of the search.
+	//! \return Positions where the ustring16 has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 find(const ustring16<TAlloc>& str, const u32 start = 0) const
+	{
+		u32 my_size = size();
+		u32 their_size = str.size();
+
+		if (their_size == 0 || my_size - start < their_size)
+			return -1;
+
+		const_iterator i(*this, start);
+
+		s32 pos = start;
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			const_iterator i2(i);
+			const_iterator j(str, 0);
+			uchar32_t t1 = (uchar32_t)*i2;
+			uchar32_t t2 = (uchar32_t)*j;
+			while (t1 == t2)
+			{
+				++i2;
+				++j;
+				if (j.atEnd())
+					return pos;
+				t1 = (uchar32_t)*i2;
+				t2 = (uchar32_t)*j;
+			}
+			++i;
+			++pos;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Finds another ustring16 in this ustring16.
+	//! \param str The string to find.
+	//! \param start The start position of the search.
+	//! \return Positions where the string has been found, or -1 if not found.
+	s32 find_raw(const ustring16<TAlloc>& str, const u32 start = 0) const
+	{
+		const uchar16_t* data = str.c_str();
+		if (data && *data)
+		{
+			u32 len = 0;
+
+			while (data[len])
+				++len;
+
+			if (len > used)
+				return -1;
+
+			for (u32 i=start; i<=used-len; ++i)
+			{
+				u32 j=0;
+
+				while(data[j] && array[i+j] == data[j])
+					++j;
+
+				if (!data[j])
+					return i;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns a substring.
+	//! \param begin: Start of substring.
+	//! \param length: Length of substring.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc> subString(u32 begin, s32 length) const
+	{
+		u32 len = size();
+		// if start after ustring16
+		// or no proper substring length
+		if ((length <= 0) || (begin>=len))
+			return ustring16<TAlloc>("");
+		// clamp length to maximal value
+		if ((length+begin) > len)
+			length = len-begin;
+
+		ustring16<TAlloc> o;
+		o.reserve((length+1) * 2);
+
+		const_iterator i(*this, begin);
+		while (!i.atEnd() && length)
+		{
+			o.append(*i);
+			++i;
+			--length;
+		}
+
+		return o;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a character to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Character to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (char c)
+	{
+		append((uchar32_t)c);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a character to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Character to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (uchar32_t c)
+	{
+		append(c);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a number to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Number to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (short c)
+	{
+		append(core::stringc(c));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a number to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Number to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (unsigned short c)
+	{
+		append(core::stringc(c));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS
+	//! Appends a number to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Number to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (int c)
+	{
+		append(core::stringc(c));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a number to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Number to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (unsigned int c)
+	{
+		append(core::stringc(c));
+		return *this;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	
+	//! Appends a number to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Number to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (long c)
+	{
+		append(core::stringc(c));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a number to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Number to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (unsigned long c)
+	{
+		append(core::stringc(c));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a number to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Number to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (double c)
+	{
+		append(core::stringc(c));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a char ustring16 to this ustring16.
+	//! \param c Char ustring16 to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (const uchar16_t* const c)
+	{
+		append(c);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Appends a ustring16 to this ustring16.
+	//! \param other ustring16 to append.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& operator += (const ustring16<TAlloc>& other)
+	{
+		append(other);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Replaces all characters of a given type with another one.
+	//! \param toReplace Character to replace.
+	//! \param replaceWith Character replacing the old one.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& replace(uchar32_t toReplace, uchar32_t replaceWith)
+	{
+		iterator i(*this, 0);
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			typename ustring16<TAlloc>::access a = *i;
+			if ((uchar32_t)a == toReplace)
+				a = replaceWith;
+			++i;
+		}
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Replaces all instances of a string with another one.
+	//! \param toReplace The string to replace.
+	//! \param replaceWith The string replacing the old one.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& replace(const ustring16<TAlloc>& toReplace, const ustring16<TAlloc>& replaceWith)
+	{
+		if (toReplace.size() == 0)
+			return *this;
+
+		const uchar16_t* other = toReplace.c_str();
+		const uchar16_t* replace = replaceWith.c_str();
+		const u32 other_size = toReplace.size_raw();
+		const u32 replace_size = replaceWith.size_raw();
+
+		// Determine the delta.  The algorithm will change depending on the delta.
+		s32 delta = replace_size - other_size;
+
+		// A character for character replace.  The string will not shrink or grow.
+		if (delta == 0)
+		{
+			s32 pos = 0;
+			while ((pos = find_raw(other, pos)) != -1)
+			{
+				for (u32 i = 0; i < replace_size; ++i)
+					array[pos + i] = replace[i];
+				++pos;
+			}
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		// We are going to be removing some characters.  The string will shrink.
+		if (delta < 0)
+		{
+			u32 i = 0;
+			for (u32 pos = 0; pos <= used; ++i, ++pos)
+			{
+				// Is this potentially a match?
+				if (array[pos] == *other)
+				{
+					// Check to see if we have a match.
+					u32 j;
+					for (j = 0; j < other_size; ++j)
+					{
+						if (array[pos + j] != other[j])
+							break;
+					}
+
+					// If we have a match, replace characters.
+					if (j == other_size)
+					{
+						for (j = 0; j < replace_size; ++j)
+							array[i + j] = replace[j];
+						i += replace_size - 1;
+						pos += other_size - 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// No match found, just copy characters.
+				array[i - 1] = array[pos];
+			}
+			array[i] = 0;
+			used = i;
+
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		// We are going to be adding characters, so the string size will increase.
+		// Count the number of times toReplace exists in the string so we can allocate the new size.
+		u32 find_count = 0;
+		s32 pos = 0;
+		while ((pos = find_raw(other, pos)) != -1)
+		{
+			++find_count;
+			++pos;
+		}
+
+		// Re-allocate the string now, if needed.
+		u32 len = delta * find_count;
+		if (used + len >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + len);
+
+		// Start replacing.
+		pos = 0;
+		while ((pos = find_raw(other, pos)) != -1)
+		{
+			uchar16_t* start = array + pos + other_size - 1;
+			uchar16_t* ptr   = array + used;
+			uchar16_t* end   = array + used + delta;
+
+			// Shift characters to make room for the string.
+			while (ptr != start)
+			{
+				*end = *ptr;
+				--ptr;
+				--end;
+			}
+
+			// Add the new string now.
+			for (u32 i = 0; i < replace_size; ++i)
+				array[pos + i] = replace[i];
+
+			pos += replace_size;
+			used += delta;
+		}
+
+		// Terminate the string and return ourself.
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Removes characters from a ustring16..
+	//! \param c The character to remove.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& remove(uchar32_t c)
+	{
+		u32 pos = 0;
+		u32 found = 0;
+		u32 len = (c > 0xFFFF ? 2 : 1);		// Remove characters equal to the size of c as a UTF-16 character.
+		for (u32 i=0; i<=used; ++i)
+		{
+			uchar32_t uc32 = 0;
+			if (!UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(array[i]))
+				uc32 |= array[i];
+			else if (i + 1 <= used)
+			{
+				// Convert the surrogate pair into a single UTF-32 character.
+				uc32 = unicode::toUTF32(array[i], array[i + 1]);
+			}
+			u32 len2 = (uc32 > 0xFFFF ? 2 : 1);
+
+			if (uc32 == c)
+			{
+				found += len;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			array[pos++] = array[i];
+			if (len2 == 2)
+				array[pos++] = array[++i];
+		}
+		used -= found;
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Removes a ustring16 from the ustring16.
+	//! \param toRemove The string to remove.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& remove(const ustring16<TAlloc>& toRemove)
+	{
+		u32 size = toRemove.size_raw();
+		if (size == 0) return *this;
+
+		const uchar16_t* tra = toRemove.c_str();
+		u32 pos = 0;
+		u32 found = 0;
+		for (u32 i=0; i<=used; ++i)
+		{
+			u32 j = 0;
+			while (j < size)
+			{
+				if (array[i + j] != tra[j])
+					break;
+				++j;
+			}
+			if (j == size)
+			{
+				found += size;
+				i += size - 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			array[pos++] = array[i];
+		}
+		used -= found;
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Removes characters from the ustring16.
+	//! \param characters The characters to remove.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& removeChars(const ustring16<TAlloc>& characters)
+	{
+		if (characters.size_raw() == 0)
+			return *this;
+
+		u32 pos = 0;
+		u32 found = 0;
+		const_iterator iter(characters);
+		for (u32 i=0; i<=used; ++i)
+		{
+			uchar32_t uc32 = 0;
+			if (!UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(array[i]))
+				uc32 |= array[i];
+			else if (i + 1 <= used)
+			{
+				// Convert the surrogate pair into a single UTF-32 character.
+				uc32 = unicode::toUTF32(array[i], array[i+1]);
+			}
+			u32 len2 = (uc32 > 0xFFFF ? 2 : 1);
+
+			bool cont = false;
+			iter.toStart();
+			while (!iter.atEnd())
+			{
+				uchar32_t c = *iter;
+				if (uc32 == c)
+				{
+					found += (c > 0xFFFF ? 2 : 1);		// Remove characters equal to the size of c as a UTF-16 character.
+					++i;
+					cont = true;
+					break;
+				}
+				++iter;
+			}
+			if (cont) continue;
+
+			array[pos++] = array[i];
+			if (len2 == 2)
+				array[pos++] = array[++i];
+		}
+		used -= found;
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Trims the ustring16.
+	//! Removes the specified characters (by default, Latin-1 whitespace) from the begining and the end of the ustring16.
+	//! \param whitespace The characters that are to be considered as whitespace.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& trim(const ustring16<TAlloc>& whitespace = " \t\n\r")
+	{
+		core::array<uchar32_t> utf32white = whitespace.toUTF32();
+
+		// find start and end of the substring without the specified characters
+		const s32 begin = findFirstCharNotInList(utf32white.const_pointer(), whitespace.used + 1);
+		if (begin == -1)
+			return (*this="");
+
+		const s32 end = findLastCharNotInList(utf32white.const_pointer(), whitespace.used + 1);
+
+		return (*this = subString(begin, (end +1) - begin));
+	}
+
+
+	//! Erases a character from the ustring16.
+	//! May be slow, because all elements following after the erased element have to be copied.
+	//! \param index Index of element to be erased.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& erase(u32 index)
+	{
+		_IRR_DEBUG_BREAK_IF(index>used) // access violation
+
+		iterator i(*this, index);
+
+		uchar32_t t = *i;
+		u32 len = (t > 0xFFFF ? 2 : 1);
+
+		for (u32 j = static_cast<u32>(i.getPos()) + len; j <= used; ++j)
+			array[j - len] = array[j];
+
+		used -= len;
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Validate the existing ustring16, checking for valid surrogate pairs and checking for proper termination.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& validate()
+	{
+		// Validate all unicode characters.
+		for (u32 i=0; i<allocated; ++i)
+		{
+			// Terminate on existing null.
+			if (array[i] == 0)
+			{
+				used = i;
+				return *this;
+			}
+			if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE(array[i]))
+			{
+				if (((i+1) >= allocated) || UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(array[i]))
+					array[i] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+				else if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(array[i]) && !UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(array[i+1]))
+					array[i] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+				++i;
+			}
+			if (array[i] >= 0xFDD0 && array[i] <= 0xFDEF)
+				array[i] = unicode::UTF_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER;
+		}
+
+		// terminate
+		used = 0;
+		if (allocated > 0)
+		{
+			used = allocated - 1;
+			array[used] = 0;
+		}
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Gets the last char of the ustring16, or 0.
+	//! \return The last char of the ustring16, or 0.
+	uchar32_t lastChar() const
+	{
+		if (used < 1)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_LO(array[used-1]))
+		{
+			// Make sure we have a paired surrogate.
+			if (used < 2)
+				return 0;
+
+			// Check for an invalid surrogate.
+			if (!UTF16_IS_SURROGATE_HI(array[used-2]))
+				return 0;
+
+			// Convert the surrogate pair into a single UTF-32 character.
+			return unicode::toUTF32(array[used-2], array[used-1]);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return array[used-1];
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	//! Split the ustring16 into parts.
+	/** This method will split a ustring16 at certain delimiter characters
+	into the container passed in as reference. The type of the container
+	has to be given as template parameter. It must provide a push_back and
+	a size method.
+	\param ret The result container
+	\param c C-style ustring16 of delimiter characters
+	\param count Number of delimiter characters
+	\param ignoreEmptyTokens Flag to avoid empty substrings in the result
+	container. If two delimiters occur without a character in between, an
+	empty substring would be placed in the result. If this flag is set,
+	only non-empty strings are stored.
+	\param keepSeparators Flag which allows to add the separator to the
+	result ustring16. If this flag is true, the concatenation of the
+	substrings results in the original ustring16. Otherwise, only the
+	characters between the delimiters are returned.
+	\return The number of resulting substrings
+	*/
+	template<class container>
+	u32 split(container& ret, const uchar32_t* const c, u32 count=1, bool ignoreEmptyTokens=true, bool keepSeparators=false) const
+	{
+		if (!c)
+			return 0;
+
+		const_iterator i(*this);
+		const u32 oldSize=ret.size();
+		u32 pos = 0;
+		u32 lastpos = 0;
+		u32 lastpospos = 0;
+		bool lastWasSeparator = false;
+		while (!i.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t ch = *i;
+			bool foundSeparator = false;
+			for (u32 j=0; j<count; ++j)
+			{
+				if (ch == c[j])
+				{
+					if ((!ignoreEmptyTokens || pos - lastpos != 0) &&
+							!lastWasSeparator)
+					ret.push_back(ustring16<TAlloc>(&array[lastpospos], pos - lastpos));
+					foundSeparator = true;
+					lastpos = (keepSeparators ? pos : pos + 1);
+					lastpospos = (keepSeparators ? i.getPos() : i.getPos() + 1);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			lastWasSeparator = foundSeparator;
+			++pos;
+			++i;
+		}
+		u32 s = size() + 1;
+		if (s > lastpos)
+			ret.push_back(ustring16<TAlloc>(&array[lastpospos], s - lastpos));
+		return ret.size()-oldSize;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Split the ustring16 into parts.
+	/** This method will split a ustring16 at certain delimiter characters
+	into the container passed in as reference. The type of the container
+	has to be given as template parameter. It must provide a push_back and
+	a size method.
+	\param ret The result container
+	\param c A unicode string of delimiter characters
+	\param ignoreEmptyTokens Flag to avoid empty substrings in the result
+	container. If two delimiters occur without a character in between, an
+	empty substring would be placed in the result. If this flag is set,
+	only non-empty strings are stored.
+	\param keepSeparators Flag which allows to add the separator to the
+	result ustring16. If this flag is true, the concatenation of the
+	substrings results in the original ustring16. Otherwise, only the
+	characters between the delimiters are returned.
+	\return The number of resulting substrings
+	*/
+	template<class container>
+	u32 split(container& ret, const ustring16<TAlloc>& c, bool ignoreEmptyTokens=true, bool keepSeparators=false) const
+	{
+		core::array<uchar32_t> v = c.toUTF32();
+		return split(ret, v.pointer(), v.size(), ignoreEmptyTokens, keepSeparators);
+	}
+
+
+	//! Gets the size of the allocated memory buffer for the string.
+	//! \return The size of the allocated memory buffer.
+	u32 capacity() const
+	{
+		return allocated;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns the raw number of UTF-16 code points in the string which includes the individual surrogates.
+	//! \return The raw number of UTF-16 code points, excluding the trialing NUL.
+	u32 size_raw() const
+	{
+		return used;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Inserts a character into the string.
+	//! \param c The character to insert.
+	//! \param pos The position to insert the character.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& insert(uchar32_t c, u32 pos)
+	{
+		u8 len = (c > 0xFFFF ? 2 : 1);
+
+		if (used + len >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + len);
+
+		used += len;
+
+		iterator iter(*this, pos);
+		for (u32 i = used - 2; i > iter.getPos(); --i)
+			array[i] = array[i - len];
+
+		if (c > 0xFFFF)
+		{
+			// c will be multibyte, so split it up into a surrogate pair.
+			uchar16_t x = static_cast<uchar16_t>(c);
+			uchar16_t vh = UTF16_HI_SURROGATE | ((((c >> 16) & ((1 << 5) - 1)) - 1) << 6) | (x >> 10);
+			uchar16_t vl = UTF16_LO_SURROGATE | (x & ((1 << 10) - 1));
+			array[iter.getPos()] = vh;
+			array[iter.getPos()+1] = vl;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			array[iter.getPos()] = static_cast<uchar16_t>(c);
+		}
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Inserts a string into the string.
+	//! \param c The string to insert.
+	//! \param pos The position to insert the string.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& insert(const ustring16<TAlloc>& c, u32 pos)
+	{
+		u32 len = c.size_raw();
+		if (len == 0) return *this;
+
+		if (used + len >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + len);
+
+		used += len;
+
+		iterator iter(*this, pos);
+		for (u32 i = used - 2; i > iter.getPos() + len; --i)
+			array[i] = array[i - len];
+
+		const uchar16_t* s = c.c_str();
+		for (u32 i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+		{
+			array[pos++] = *s;
+			++s;
+		}
+
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Inserts a character into the string.
+	//! \param c The character to insert.
+	//! \param pos The position to insert the character.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& insert_raw(uchar16_t c, u32 pos)
+	{
+		if (used + 1 >= allocated)
+			reallocate(used + 1);
+
+		++used;
+
+		for (u32 i = used - 1; i > pos; --i)
+			array[i] = array[i - 1];
+
+		array[pos] = c;
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Removes a character from string.
+	//! \param pos Position of the character to remove.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& erase_raw(u32 pos)
+	{
+		for (u32 i=pos; i<=used; ++i)
+		{
+			array[i] = array[i + 1];
+		}
+		--used;
+		array[used] = 0;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Replaces a character in the string.
+	//! \param c The new character.
+	//! \param pos The position of the character to replace.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& replace_raw(uchar16_t c, u32 pos)
+	{
+		array[pos] = c;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns an iterator to the beginning of the string.
+	//! \return An iterator to the beginning of the string.
+	iterator begin()
+	{
+		iterator i(*this, 0);
+		return i;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns an iterator to the beginning of the string.
+	//! \return An iterator to the beginning of the string.
+	const_iterator begin() const
+	{
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+		return i;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns an iterator to the beginning of the string.
+	//! \return An iterator to the beginning of the string.
+	const_iterator cbegin() const
+	{
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+		return i;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns an iterator to the end of the string.
+	//! \return An iterator to the end of the string.
+	iterator end()
+	{
+		iterator i(*this, 0);
+		i.toEnd();
+		return i;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns an iterator to the end of the string.
+	//! \return An iterator to the end of the string.
+	const_iterator end() const
+	{
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+		i.toEnd();
+		return i;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Returns an iterator to the end of the string.
+	//! \return An iterator to the end of the string.
+	const_iterator cend() const
+	{
+		const_iterator i(*this, 0);
+		i.toEnd();
+		return i;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Converts the string to a UTF-8 encoded string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return A string containing the UTF-8 encoded string.
+	core::string<uchar8_t> toUTF8_s(const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		core::string<uchar8_t> ret;
+		ret.reserve(used * 4 + (addBOM ? unicode::BOM_UTF8_LEN : 0) + 1);
+		const_iterator iter(*this, 0);
+
+		// Add the byte order mark if the user wants it.
+		if (addBOM)
+		{
+			ret.append(unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8[0]);
+			ret.append(unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8[1]);
+			ret.append(unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8[2]);
+		}
+
+		while (!iter.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t c = *iter;
+			if (c > 0xFFFF)
+			{	// 4 bytes
+				uchar8_t b1 = (0x1E << 3) | ((c >> 18) & 0x7);
+				uchar8_t b2 = (0x2 << 6) | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F);
+				uchar8_t b3 = (0x2 << 6) | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F);
+				uchar8_t b4 = (0x2 << 6) | (c & 0x3F);
+				ret.append(b1);
+				ret.append(b2);
+				ret.append(b3);
+				ret.append(b4);
+			}
+			else if (c > 0x7FF)
+			{	// 3 bytes
+				uchar8_t b1 = (0xE << 4) | ((c >> 12) & 0xF);
+				uchar8_t b2 = (0x2 << 6) | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F);
+				uchar8_t b3 = (0x2 << 6) | (c & 0x3F);
+				ret.append(b1);
+				ret.append(b2);
+				ret.append(b3);
+			}
+			else if (c > 0x7F)
+			{	// 2 bytes
+				uchar8_t b1 = (0x6 << 5) | ((c >> 6) & 0x1F);
+				uchar8_t b2 = (0x2 << 6) | (c & 0x3F);
+				ret.append(b1);
+				ret.append(b2);
+			}
+			else
+			{	// 1 byte
+				ret.append(static_cast<uchar8_t>(c));
+			}
+			++iter;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Converts the string to a UTF-8 encoded string array.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return An array containing the UTF-8 encoded string.
+	core::array<uchar8_t> toUTF8(const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		core::array<uchar8_t> ret(used * 4 + (addBOM ? unicode::BOM_UTF8_LEN : 0) + 1);
+		const_iterator iter(*this, 0);
+
+		// Add the byte order mark if the user wants it.
+		if (addBOM)
+		{
+			ret.push_back(unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8[0]);
+			ret.push_back(unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8[1]);
+			ret.push_back(unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF8[2]);
+		}
+
+		while (!iter.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t c = *iter;
+			if (c > 0xFFFF)
+			{	// 4 bytes
+				uchar8_t b1 = (0x1E << 3) | ((c >> 18) & 0x7);
+				uchar8_t b2 = (0x2 << 6) | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F);
+				uchar8_t b3 = (0x2 << 6) | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F);
+				uchar8_t b4 = (0x2 << 6) | (c & 0x3F);
+				ret.push_back(b1);
+				ret.push_back(b2);
+				ret.push_back(b3);
+				ret.push_back(b4);
+			}
+			else if (c > 0x7FF)
+			{	// 3 bytes
+				uchar8_t b1 = (0xE << 4) | ((c >> 12) & 0xF);
+				uchar8_t b2 = (0x2 << 6) | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F);
+				uchar8_t b3 = (0x2 << 6) | (c & 0x3F);
+				ret.push_back(b1);
+				ret.push_back(b2);
+				ret.push_back(b3);
+			}
+			else if (c > 0x7F)
+			{	// 2 bytes
+				uchar8_t b1 = (0x6 << 5) | ((c >> 6) & 0x1F);
+				uchar8_t b2 = (0x2 << 6) | (c & 0x3F);
+				ret.push_back(b1);
+				ret.push_back(b2);
+			}
+			else
+			{	// 1 byte
+				ret.push_back(static_cast<uchar8_t>(c));
+			}
+			++iter;
+		}
+		ret.push_back(0);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS	// C++0x
+	//! Converts the string to a UTF-16 encoded string.
+	//! \param endian The desired endianness of the string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return A string containing the UTF-16 encoded string.
+	core::string<char16_t> toUTF16_s(const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN endian = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE, const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		core::string<char16_t> ret;
+		ret.reserve(used + (addBOM ? unicode::BOM_UTF16_LEN : 0) + 1);
+
+		// Add the BOM if specified.
+		if (addBOM)
+		{
+			if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE)
+				ret[0] = unicode::BOM;
+			else if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_LITTLE)
+			{
+				uchar8_t* ptr8 = reinterpret_cast<uchar8_t*>(ret.c_str());
+				*ptr8++ = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE[0];
+				*ptr8 = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE[1];
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				uchar8_t* ptr8 = reinterpret_cast<uchar8_t*>(ret.c_str());
+				*ptr8++ = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE[0];
+				*ptr8 = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE[1];
+			}
+		}
+
+		ret.append(array);
+		if (endian != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && getEndianness() != endian)
+		{
+			char16_t* ptr = ret.c_str();
+			for (u32 i = 0; i < ret.size(); ++i)
+				*ptr++ = unicode::swapEndian16(*ptr);
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+#endif
+
+
+	//! Converts the string to a UTF-16 encoded string array.
+	//! Unfortunately, no toUTF16_s() version exists due to limitations with Irrlicht's string class.
+	//! \param endian The desired endianness of the string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return An array containing the UTF-16 encoded string.
+	core::array<uchar16_t> toUTF16(const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN endian = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE, const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		core::array<uchar16_t> ret(used + (addBOM ? unicode::BOM_UTF16_LEN : 0) + 1);
+		uchar16_t* ptr = ret.pointer();
+
+		// Add the BOM if specified.
+		if (addBOM)
+		{
+			if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE)
+				*ptr = unicode::BOM;
+			else if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_LITTLE)
+			{
+				uchar8_t* ptr8 = reinterpret_cast<uchar8_t*>(ptr);
+				*ptr8++ = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE[0];
+				*ptr8 = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_LE[1];
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				uchar8_t* ptr8 = reinterpret_cast<uchar8_t*>(ptr);
+				*ptr8++ = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE[0];
+				*ptr8 = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF16_BE[1];
+			}
+			++ptr;
+		}
+
+		memcpy((void*)ptr, (void*)array, used * sizeof(uchar16_t));
+		if (endian != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && getEndianness() != endian)
+		{
+			for (u32 i = 0; i <= used; ++i)
+				*ptr++ = unicode::swapEndian16(*ptr);
+		}
+		ret.set_used(used + (addBOM ? unicode::BOM_UTF16_LEN : 0));
+		ret.push_back(0);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS	// C++0x
+	//! Converts the string to a UTF-32 encoded string.
+	//! \param endian The desired endianness of the string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return A string containing the UTF-32 encoded string.
+	core::string<char32_t> toUTF32_s(const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN endian = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE, const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		core::string<char32_t> ret;
+		ret.reserve(size() + 1 + (addBOM ? unicode::BOM_UTF32_LEN : 0));
+		const_iterator iter(*this, 0);
+
+		// Add the BOM if specified.
+		if (addBOM)
+		{
+			if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE)
+				ret.append(unicode::BOM);
+			else
+			{
+				union
+				{
+					uchar32_t full;
+					u8 chunk[4];
+				} t;
+
+				if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_LITTLE)
+				{
+					t.chunk[0] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[0];
+					t.chunk[1] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[1];
+					t.chunk[2] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[2];
+					t.chunk[3] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[3];
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					t.chunk[0] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[0];
+					t.chunk[1] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[1];
+					t.chunk[2] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[2];
+					t.chunk[3] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[3];
+				}
+				ret.append(t.full);
+			}
+		}
+
+		while (!iter.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t c = *iter;
+			if (endian != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && getEndianness() != endian)
+				c = unicode::swapEndian32(c);
+			ret.append(c);
+			++iter;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+#endif
+
+
+	//! Converts the string to a UTF-32 encoded string array.
+	//! Unfortunately, no toUTF32_s() version exists due to limitations with Irrlicht's string class.
+	//! \param endian The desired endianness of the string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return An array containing the UTF-32 encoded string.
+	core::array<uchar32_t> toUTF32(const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN endian = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE, const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		core::array<uchar32_t> ret(size() + (addBOM ? unicode::BOM_UTF32_LEN : 0) + 1);
+		const_iterator iter(*this, 0);
+
+		// Add the BOM if specified.
+		if (addBOM)
+		{
+			if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE)
+				ret.push_back(unicode::BOM);
+			else
+			{
+				union
+				{
+					uchar32_t full;
+					u8 chunk[4];
+				} t;
+
+				if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_LITTLE)
+				{
+					t.chunk[0] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[0];
+					t.chunk[1] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[1];
+					t.chunk[2] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[2];
+					t.chunk[3] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_LE[3];
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					t.chunk[0] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[0];
+					t.chunk[1] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[1];
+					t.chunk[2] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[2];
+					t.chunk[3] = unicode::BOM_ENCODE_UTF32_BE[3];
+				}
+				ret.push_back(t.full);
+			}
+		}
+		ret.push_back(0);
+
+		while (!iter.atEnd())
+		{
+			uchar32_t c = *iter;
+			if (endian != unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && getEndianness() != endian)
+				c = unicode::swapEndian32(c);
+			ret.push_back(c);
+			++iter;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+
+	//! Converts the string to a wchar_t encoded string.
+	/** The size of a wchar_t changes depending on the platform.  This function will store a
+	correct UTF-8, -16, or -32 encoded string depending on the size of a wchar_t. **/
+	//! \param endian The desired endianness of the string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return A string containing the wchar_t encoded string.
+	core::string<wchar_t> toWCHAR_s(const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN endian = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE, const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 4)
+		{
+			core::array<uchar32_t> a(toUTF32(endian, addBOM));
+			core::stringw ret(a.pointer());
+			return ret;
+		}
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
+		{
+			if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && addBOM == false)
+			{
+				core::stringw ret(array);
+				return ret;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				core::array<uchar16_t> a(toUTF16(endian, addBOM));
+				core::stringw ret(a.pointer());
+				return ret;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 1)
+		{
+			core::array<uchar8_t> a(toUTF8(addBOM));
+			core::stringw ret(a.pointer());
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		// Shouldn't happen.
+		return core::stringw();
+	}
+
+
+	//! Converts the string to a wchar_t encoded string array.
+	/** The size of a wchar_t changes depending on the platform.  This function will store a
+	correct UTF-8, -16, or -32 encoded string depending on the size of a wchar_t. **/
+	//! \param endian The desired endianness of the string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return An array containing the wchar_t encoded string.
+	core::array<wchar_t> toWCHAR(const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN endian = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE, const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+		if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 4)
+		{
+			core::array<uchar32_t> a(toUTF32(endian, addBOM));
+			core::array<wchar_t> ret(a.size());
+			ret.set_used(a.size());
+			memcpy((void*)ret.pointer(), (void*)a.pointer(), a.size() * sizeof(uchar32_t));
+			return ret;
+		}
+		if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
+		{
+			if (endian == unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE && addBOM == false)
+			{
+				core::array<wchar_t> ret(used);
+				ret.set_used(used);
+				memcpy((void*)ret.pointer(), (void*)array, used * sizeof(uchar16_t));
+				return ret;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				core::array<uchar16_t> a(toUTF16(endian, addBOM));
+				core::array<wchar_t> ret(a.size());
+				ret.set_used(a.size());
+				memcpy((void*)ret.pointer(), (void*)a.pointer(), a.size() * sizeof(uchar16_t));
+				return ret;
+			}
+		}
+		if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 1)
+		{
+			core::array<uchar8_t> a(toUTF8(addBOM));
+			core::array<wchar_t> ret(a.size());
+			ret.set_used(a.size());
+			memcpy((void*)ret.pointer(), (void*)a.pointer(), a.size() * sizeof(uchar8_t));
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		// Shouldn't happen.
+		return core::array<wchar_t>();
+	}
+
+	//! Converts the string to a properly encoded io::path string.
+	//! \param endian The desired endianness of the string.
+	//! \param addBOM If true, the proper unicode byte-order mark will be prefixed to the string.
+	//! \return An io::path string containing the properly encoded string.
+	io::path toPATH_s(const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN endian = unicode::EUTFEE_NATIVE, const bool addBOM = false) const
+	{
+#if defined(_IRR_WCHAR_FILESYSTEM)
+		return toWCHAR_s(endian, addBOM);
+#else
+		return toUTF8_s(addBOM);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	//! Loads an unknown stream of data.
+	//! Will attempt to determine if the stream is unicode data.  Useful for loading from files.
+	//! \param data The data stream to load from.
+	//! \param data_size The length of the data string.
+	//! \return A reference to our current string.
+	ustring16<TAlloc>& loadDataStream(const char* data, size_t data_size)
+	{
+		// Clear our string.
+		*this = "";
+		if (!data)
+			return *this;
+
+		unicode::EUTF_ENCODE e = unicode::determineUnicodeBOM(data);
+		switch (e)
+		{
+			default:
+			case unicode::EUTFE_UTF8:
+				append((uchar8_t*)data, data_size);
+				break;
+
+			case unicode::EUTFE_UTF16:
+			case unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_BE:
+			case unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE:
+				append((uchar16_t*)data, data_size / 2);
+				break;
+
+			case unicode::EUTFE_UTF32:
+			case unicode::EUTFE_UTF32_BE:
+			case unicode::EUTFE_UTF32_LE:
+				append((uchar32_t*)data, data_size / 4);
+				break;
+		}
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	//! Gets the encoding of the Unicode string this class contains.
+	//! \return An enum describing the current encoding of this string.
+	const unicode::EUTF_ENCODE getEncoding() const
+	{
+		return encoding;
+	}
+
+	//! Gets the endianness of the Unicode string this class contains.
+	//! \return An enum describing the endianness of this string.
+	const unicode::EUTF_ENDIAN getEndianness() const
+	{
+		if (encoding == unicode::EUTFE_UTF16_LE ||
+			encoding == unicode::EUTFE_UTF32_LE)
+			return unicode::EUTFEE_LITTLE;
+		else return unicode::EUTFEE_BIG;
+	}
+
+private:
+
+	//! Reallocate the string, making it bigger or smaller.
+	//! \param new_size The new size of the string.
+	void reallocate(u32 new_size)
+	{
+		uchar16_t* old_array = array;
+
+		array = allocator.allocate(new_size + 1); //new u16[new_size];
+		allocated = new_size + 1;
+		if (old_array == 0) return;
+
+		u32 amount = used < new_size ? used : new_size;
+		for (u32 i=0; i<=amount; ++i)
+			array[i] = old_array[i];
+
+		if (allocated <= used)
+			used = allocated - 1;
+
+		array[used] = 0;
+
+		allocator.deallocate(old_array); // delete [] old_array;
+	}
+
+	//--- member variables
+
+	uchar16_t* array;
+	unicode::EUTF_ENCODE encoding;
+	u32 allocated;
+	u32 used;
+	TAlloc allocator;
+	//irrAllocator<uchar16_t> allocator;
+};
+
+typedef ustring16<irrAllocator<uchar16_t> > ustring;
+
+
+//! Appends two ustring16s.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a null-terminated unicode string.
+template <typename TAlloc, class B>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const B* const right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a null-terminated unicode string.
+template <class B, typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const B* const left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an Irrlicht string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const string<B, BAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an Irrlicht string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const string<B, BAlloc>& left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a std::basic_string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename A, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const std::basic_string<B, A, BAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a std::basic_string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename A, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const std::basic_string<B, A, BAlloc>& left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a char.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const char right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a char.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const char left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a uchar32_t.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const uchar32_t right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a uchar32_t.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const uchar32_t left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const short right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const short left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const unsigned short right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const unsigned short left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const int right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const int left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const unsigned int right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const unsigned int left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const long right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const long left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const unsigned long right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const unsigned long left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a float.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const float right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a float.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const float left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a double.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, const double right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(left);
+	ret += core::stringc(right);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a double.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const double left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	ustring16<TAlloc> ret(core::stringc(left));
+	ret += right;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X
+//! Appends two ustring16s.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(const ustring16<TAlloc>& left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&, &&)" << std::endl;
+	right.insert(left, 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends two ustring16s.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const ustring16<TAlloc>& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&&, &)" << std::endl;
+	left.append(right);
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends two ustring16s.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&&, &&)" << std::endl;
+	if ((right.size_raw() <= left.capacity() - left.size_raw()) ||
+		(right.capacity() - right.size_raw() < left.size_raw()))
+	{
+		left.append(right);
+		return std::move(left);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		right.insert(left, 0);
+		return std::move(right);
+	}
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a null-terminated unicode string.
+template <typename TAlloc, class B>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const B* const right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&&, B*)" << std::endl;
+	left.append(right);
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a null-terminated unicode string.
+template <class B, typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(const B* const left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(B*, &&)" << std::endl;
+	right.insert(left, 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an Irrlicht string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(const string<B, BAlloc>& left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&, &&)" << std::endl;
+	right.insert(left, 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an Irrlicht string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const string<B, BAlloc>& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&&, &)" << std::endl;
+	left.append(right);
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a std::basic_string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename A, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(const std::basic_string<B, A, BAlloc>& left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&, &&)" << std::endl;
+	right.insert(core::ustring16<TAlloc>(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a std::basic_string.
+template <typename TAlloc, typename B, typename A, typename BAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc>&& operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const std::basic_string<B, A, BAlloc>& right)
+{
+	//std::cout << "MOVE operator+(&&, &)" << std::endl;
+	left.append(right);
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a char.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const char right)
+{
+	left.append((uchar32_t)right);
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a char.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const char left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert((uchar32_t)left, 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef USTRING_CPP0X_NEWLITERALS
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a uchar32_t.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const uchar32_t right)
+{
+	left.append(right);
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a uchar32_t.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const uchar32_t left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(left, 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const short right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const short left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const unsigned short right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned short.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const unsigned short left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const int right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const int left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const unsigned int right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned int.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const unsigned int left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const long right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const long left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const unsigned long right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and an unsigned long.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const unsigned long left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a float.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const float right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a float.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const float left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a double.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(ustring16<TAlloc>&& left, const double right)
+{
+	left.append(core::stringc(right));
+	return std::move(left);
+}
+
+
+//! Appends a ustring16 and a double.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline ustring16<TAlloc> operator+(const double left, ustring16<TAlloc>&& right)
+{
+	right.insert(core::stringc(left), 0);
+	return std::move(right);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef USTRING_NO_STL
+//! Writes a ustring16 to an ostream.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const ustring16<TAlloc>& in)
+{
+	out << in.toUTF8_s().c_str();
+	return out;
+}
+
+//! Writes a ustring16 to a wostream.
+template <typename TAlloc>
+inline std::wostream& operator<<(std::wostream& out, const ustring16<TAlloc>& in)
+{
+	out << in.toWCHAR_s().c_str();
+	return out;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef USTRING_NO_STL
+
+namespace unicode
+{
+
+//! Hashing algorithm for hashing a ustring.  Used for things like unordered_maps.
+//! Algorithm taken from std::hash<std::string>.
+class hash : public std::unary_function<core::ustring, size_t>
+{
+	public:
+		size_t operator()(const core::ustring& s) const
+		{
+			size_t ret = 2166136261U;
+			size_t index = 0;
+			size_t stride = 1 + s.size_raw() / 10;
+
+			core::ustring::const_iterator i = s.begin();
+			while (i != s.end())
+			{
+				// TODO: Don't force u32 on an x64 OS.  Make it agnostic.
+				ret = 16777619U * ret ^ (size_t)s[(u32)index];
+				index += stride;
+				i += stride;
+			}
+			return (ret);
+		}
+};
+
+} // end namespace unicode
+
+#endif
+
+} // end namespace core
+} // end namespace irr
+
+#endif