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+ + +

Interlocking +System +Guide +

+
+ +

1 Introduction + +

In real-world railways, a so-called interlocking system is a set of railway signals and trackside equipment. Its purpose is to prevent +conflicting train movements which otherwise could result in derailing or colliding trains. If you want more information, just search for +“railway interlocking” on the internet. +

Real-world interlocking systems perform this task by setting routes. A route is a path along a track that a train can safely pass. To set a +route for a train, the signalman (the operator of a signal box) has to set switches (turnouts) to the correct position and lock them in order +to make a signal for a train show “Proceed”. In newer systems, this is done automatically by the interlocking system. A route can +not be set if switches are locked to a wrong position by another route or if any portion of the route is occupied by a +train. +

The interlocking system in this Minetest mod tries to follow real-world interlocking systems as far as applicable. It divides tracks into +track sections and implements a route setting mechanism following the same principle. +

However, for the sake of simplicity of implementation and usage, not all concepts of real-world interlocking have been taken over. +Especially, there is no mechanism for overlap. +

If you are looking for a place to learn how real-world interlocking systems work, have a look at “SimSig”. By looking at their simulations, +you can obtain experience on how to set up your own interlocking systems in AdvTrains. The SimSig glossary is a good place to look up +unknown terms in this document. +

+ +

2 Setting + up + track + sections + +

In the real world, a line of track is divided into so-called track sections, or track circuits. Those systems often can not tell +where exactly a train is, but only which track sections it occupies. A route can never be set through an occupied track +section. +

A track section often covers: +

+

You will find some examples on how to interlock certain patterns later. +

+ +

2.1 Track + Circuit + Breaks + +

In this mod, you will not directly configure the locations of track sections. Instead, you designate the borders of each track section using a +special node, the Track Circuit Break, abbreviated TCB. +

For example, if you want to create a track section for a piece of a main running line, you set up two TCBs at the ends of this track +circuit. +

Setting up a TCB works as follows: +

    +
  1. Place a TCB node somewhere near the place where the circuit break is going to be located. +
    2. +
  2. Right-click the TCB node +
    3. +
  3. Punch the rail which should act as TCB
+

The result should look like this: +

PIC +

Now you have assigned the TCB node to a rail. Right-click the TCB node once again. This will bring up a form which looks as +follows: +

PIC +

You see that the form is divided in side A and side B. To designate where each side is, a marker is displayed on the rail. You can always +make this marker show up by punching the TCB node, and remove it by punching the marker. Both sides are shown as “End of +interlocking”. This means that there is no track section set up at this place. +

You should repeat this procedure once again a few meters away from the first TCB to create a second TCB on the same +track. +

PIC +

Once you have both bordering TCBs set up, you can now create the actual track section. To do this: +

    +
  1. Right-click one of the TCBs +
    2. +
  2. Locate the correct side (A or B) to create the track section +
    3. +
  3. Click “Create interlocked Track Section” in the formspec on the chosen side.
+

Now, the text on the formspec has changed. It shows something like this: +

PIC +

Clicking “Show Track Section” brings up another formspec: +

PIC +

On the top, you see a list of all TCBs that border this track section. In your case, there should be two TCBs listed. If there’s only one, +head over to 2.2. You should now select a name for the track section, to identify it later. +

The same procedure is applicable when you create a turnout track section, except that you have to set up three or more +TCBs. +

The AdvTrains interlocking system allows you to add more TCBs after you have created a track section. This works without problems in +most cases. For example, you can easily insert a turnout into an already set-up track section and create another TCB behind it, and +AdvTrains will automatically detect the existing track section. Problems arise only if you try to insert a TCB in-between a section, in +which case both sides of the TCB will end up assigned to the same section. The code currently does not handle this case properly, so try +to avoid this situation by all means. As a last resort, you can always dissolve a faulty track section, as described in the next +chapter. +

+ +

2.2 Long + track + sections, + crossings + and + other + edge + cases + +

+ +

2.2.1 Very + long + track + sections + +

If you try to set up a track section that is longer than 1000 nodes, advtrains won’t recognize the TCB at the other end because of a safety +limit in the traverser function, which is supposed to prevent deadlocks. This case has happened when the Track Section overview screen +only shows one TCB in the list. The procedure for this is as follows: +

    +
  1. Go to the second TCB (the one that wasn’t recognized). It should show “End of Interlocking” on the relevant side. +
    2. +
  2. Click “Create interlocked track section”. The section created will be different from the one that is already present. +
    3. +
  3. In the track section overview, click “Join into other section” +
    4. +
  4. Go back to the first TCB, bring up the Track Section overview screen of the first track section and click “Join with ???”
+

The other, missing TCB should now appear in the list. If you accidentally started such a joining procedure, click the “X” button on the +right. +

+ +

2.2.2 Rail + crosses + +

Since rail crosses are created by laying tracks across each other without logical connection, there’s no way for advtrains to know whether +rails cross each other. +

Rail crossings in interlocking systems are always one single track section, which in most cases has 4 TCBs adjacent. +

PIC +

The procedure is quite similar to the one for long sections: First, create two track sections for the branches, and then use the “Join” +function to merge both sections into one. +

+ +

2.2.3 Deleting + and + re-adding + single + TCBs + to + a + section + +

In some occasions, for example when you remove a siding or a crossover, it can be necessary to unassign a TCB from a track section. +There are multiple ways to do this: +

+

The result is that the TCB shows “End of Interlocking” and the section does not list the TCB as an endpoint anymore. +

The other case is adding a siding or a crossover, in which case one or more TCBs still show “End of Interlocking” although they should be +part of a section: +

+

+ +

2.2.4 Dissolving + sections + +

If you made a mistake setting up something and you don’t see any other way to fix a misconfigured track section, you can always +delete it using the “Dissolve section” button. This operation removes the track section and sets all TCBs that previously +belonged to the section as “End of Interlocking”. This will always work and lets you start over new with setting up track +sections. +

+ +

2.3 Interlocking + patterns + +

This section shows some examples on how you should set up track sections on certain track configurations. +

+ +

3 Signals + and + routes + +

The purpose of signals is to inform trains about whether they can proceed into the next section safely. Making a section of track safe to +pass for a train, turnouts need to be set to the correct position and no other train should be allowed to cross or share parts of the route +with this train. +

+ +

3.1 Assigning + Signals + to + TCBs + +

Signals in the advtrains interlocking system are positioned - like in real life - at the border of track sections. +

When you set up a signal, do the following steps: +

    +
  1. If not already happened, set up a TCB (you don’t need to, but are advised to, configure track sections there) +
    2. +
  2. Place the signal a few meters in front of the TCB, so that trains stopping at the signal do never pass the TCB +
    3. +
  3. Locate the side of the TCB which points in the direction that trains will proceed past the signal, as shown in the figure + below. +
    4. +
  4. Right-click the TCB, and click “Assign a signal” on this side. +
    5. +
  5. Punch the signal.
+

PIC +

You can assign a signal to each side of a TCB. This is, for example, useful when creating block sections on a bi-directional main running +line. +

+ +

3.2 The + concept + of + routes + +

A so-called route is a locked path between two signals, which locks all turnouts in the correct position. +

Example: Imagine a station with 2 platforms on a single track running line. We are looking at signal A. You probably want trains coming +from the right to go into platform 1 or into platform 2, so you need to program 2 routes. +

PIC +

This leads us to the most important aspect of route programming: Routes always start at a signal (A) and end at a signal facing in the +same direction (D and E), not at an opposite-facing signal (B and C). There are only few exceptions, we’ll cover this +later. +

When you set a route to make a train proceed on it, the interlocking system ensures that: +

+

For this to work, you need to specify all track sections the train will pass along, as well as the positions of all turnouts that need to be +locked. Those are not only the turnouts that lay directly on the train’s route, but also some turnouts on adjacent tracks, the so-called +flank protection. +

The purpose of flank protection is to prevent runaway trains and/or wagons to pass into a route. This is achieved by setting nearby +turnouts to a position that points “away” from the route. Example: +

PIC +

The upper turnout, of course, needs to be locked in straight (normal) position, while the lower one is not relevant for the route itself. But +what if the lower turnout was set to the diverging (reverse) position and the driver of another train approaching signal B fails to see the +red light? This train would crash into the first one. To minimise danger, that other train would need to be routed towards signal +D. +

There are, of course, situations, where both positions of a turnout would conflict with a route equally. In those situations, there’s nothing +you can do and no flank lock needs to be set. +

+ +

3.3 Shunt + routes + +

Operating railways is not all about driving trains around. Coupling, decoupling and moving single engines, wagons or groups of wagons +across a station, called shunting, also plays an important role. +

Remember what we said about routes: There must be no rail vehicles on the route. So what if you have some goods wagons +ready on a siding, and want to couple an engine to it? You can not set a regular route into the siding, because it is +occupied. +

The solution is to program a second route into the siding, but with the difference that it already ends at the rear-facing signal of it, so it +doesn’t include the siding section itself: +

PIC +

The Sht2 route then needs to show a shunt aspect, which instructs the driver to proceed slowly and watch out for vehicles on the route. +To show a “free” aspect here would be wrong, because that would mean that the track is free until the next main signal, which it is clearly +not. +

Note that advtrains_interlocking currently does not allow to set individual aspects for routes, this is a feature still to be implemented +soon. +

Shunt routes like this are, so far, the only exception to the “Routes should end at a signal facing the same direction” +rule. +

+ +

3.4 Route + Release + +

In early real-life interlocking systems, routes either had to be cancelled by the signalman after the train had passed the route, or there was +a single release contact at the end of the route. However, as interlocking systems evolved and the position of trains is now +roughly known by the track sections, portions of the route can be freed as soon as the train has left the corresponding +section. +

AdvTrains has chosen a modern approach to route releasing. Each turnout lock is associated to a track section belonging to the route’s +path. Once the train leaves this section, all assigned locks are also freed. +

+ +

3.5 Programming + a + route + +

The route programming procedure is quite straightforward if you’ve read the previous sections and understood how routes should be +set. +

Routes always start at a signal. You must have assigned the signal to a TCB, as described earlier. +

When you right-click the signal, it no longer changes its aspect. Instead, a formspec pops up, showing you an (empty) list of routes with +the possibility to set them or to create new routes. Click the “Create new route” button to start programming a new +route. +

The form closes, and an arrow is displayed on the TCB. You are now in “Route Programming” mode, programming the first track section +of the route. Now: +

+

Once you’ve done this, the lock markers change to “Route Lock”, telling they can’t be changed anymore. Repeat the above procedure until +you have punched the final TCB, at which the route should end. As mentioned before, there should be a signal at this place, +however this is not enforced. Now, run the chat command /at_rp_set <name of route> to complete programming the +route. +

A few hints: +

+

+ +

4 Interlocking + system + operation + +

Setting up the interlocking for a portion of a railway network requires some time, experience and planning, but once done, there’s not +much to do anymore to make trains run on your, now safer, railway. This section covers some useful practices to route trains across your +network. +

At the moment, routes can only be set by clicking the signal or via LuaATC, except if you use automatic working. It is planned to control +this via the onboard computer and via a “signal box” view based on the currently broken itrainmap. +

+ +

4.1 Simple + route + setting + and + cancelling + +

To set a route, simply right-click the signal, select a route and click “set route”. If there are no conflicts, the signal turns green and the +train is allowed to proceed. +

It may be possible that the route can not be set, because one or more other routes conflict with the current one, or a section is blocked. In +this case, the signal stays red, and the conflicting item is shown in the formspec. As soon as the conflict is resolved (by cancellation +or release of the conflicting route, or the section becoming free), the requested route will be set and the signal turns +green. +

If a route is either requested or set, it can be cancelled from the signalling formspec. This means that all turnouts and sections are +released, and the signal reverts back to red. This of course only works when the train has not passed the signal yet. There is no +mechanism for Approach Locking. +

+ +

4.2 Automatic + Working + +

Block signals on main running lines usually only have a single route to set, the one proceeding along the main line. Their purpose is only +to show whether there are trains in the next section. So, it would be convenient if this only route would set itself again after a train +passed. +

This is what Automatic Working is for. Set a route, click “Enable Automatic Working”, and as soon as a train passes, the route is +automatically re-set. +

This function is nearly identical to SimSig automatic signals. It can also be useful on a line with high traffic, when there’s a +low-frequented access to a siding. You’d enable automatic working for the main route and cancel it only when you need a train to go into +the siding. +

+ +

5 Final + notes + +

The interlocking system is mainly finished, though there are still some plans and ideas. They include: +

+

Apart from this, there’s the large oncoming project of a new timetable-based train automation system, but this will take some time to +evolve and is out of the scope of this document. +

If you have any suggestions, corrections, improvements, criticism or cute kittens and stuff, you can always contact me by various means +(Forum PM, E-Mail (orwell@bleipb.de), Linuxworks server chat a.s.o.). Have fun! +

- orwell + + + + diff --git a/assets/interlocking.lyx b/assets/interlocking.lyx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e9e94f --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/interlocking.lyx @@ -0,0 +1,1157 @@ +#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 508 +\begin_document +\begin_header +\save_transient_properties true +\origin unavailable +\textclass paper +\use_default_options true +\maintain_unincluded_children false +\language english +\language_package default +\inputencoding auto +\fontencoding global +\font_roman "default" "default" +\font_sans "default" "default" +\font_typewriter "default" "default" +\font_math "auto" "auto" +\font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false +\font_sc false +\font_osf false +\font_sf_scale 100 100 +\font_tt_scale 100 100 +\graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default +\paperfontsize default +\spacing single +\use_hyperref false +\papersize default +\use_geometry true +\use_package amsmath 1 +\use_package amssymb 1 +\use_package cancel 1 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 1 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 1 +\use_package stmaryrd 1 +\use_package undertilde 1 +\cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain +\use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false +\paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\justification true +\use_refstyle 1 +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index +\leftmargin 1cm +\topmargin 1cm +\rightmargin 1cm +\bottommargin 1cm +\secnumdepth 3 +\tocdepth 3 +\paragraph_separation indent +\paragraph_indentation 0bp +\quotes_language english +\papercolumns 1 +\papersides 1 +\paperpagestyle default +\tracking_changes false +\output_changes false +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false +\end_header + +\begin_body + +\begin_layout Title +Minetest Mod - Advanced Trains [advtrains] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Title +Interlocking System Guide +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Introduction +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In real-world railways, a so-called interlocking system is a set of railway + signals and trackside equipment. + Its purpose is to prevent conflicting train movements which otherwise could + result in derailing or colliding trains. + If you want more information, just search for +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +railway interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + on the internet. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Real-world interlocking systems perform this task by setting routes. + A route is a path along a track that a train can safely pass. + To set a route for a train, the signalman (the operator of a signal box) + has to set switches (turnouts) to the correct position and lock them in + order to make a signal for a train show +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Proceed +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + In newer systems, this is done automatically by the interlocking system. + A route can not be set if switches are locked to a wrong position by another + route or if any portion of the route is occupied by a train. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The interlocking system in this Minetest mod tries to follow real-world + interlocking systems as far as applicable. + It divides tracks into track sections and implements a route setting mechanism + following the same principle. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +However, for the sake of simplicity of implementation and usage, not all + concepts of real-world interlocking have been taken over. + Especially, there is no mechanism for overlap. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you are looking for a place to learn how real-world interlocking systems + work, have a look at +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +SimSig +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + By looking at their simulations, you can obtain experience on how to set + up your own interlocking systems in AdvTrains. + The SimSig glossary is a good place to look up unknown terms in this document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Setting up track sections +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In the real world, a line of track is divided into so-called track sections, + or track circuits. + Those systems often can not tell where exactly a train is, but only which + track sections it occupies. + A route can never be set through an occupied track section. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A track section often covers: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A section on a main running line, between two signals +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A single turnout +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A rail crossing, or a set of turnouts acting as a double/single slip switch +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A siding +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You will find some examples on how to interlock certain patterns later. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Track Circuit Breaks +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In this mod, you will not directly configure the locations of track sections. + Instead, you designate the borders of each track section using a special + node, the Track Circuit Break, abbreviated TCB. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +For example, if you want to create a track section for a piece of a main + running line, you set up two TCBs at the ends of this track circuit. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Setting up a TCB works as follows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Place a TCB node somewhere near the place where the circuit break is going + to be located. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Right-click the TCB node +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Punch the rail which should act as TCB +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The result should look like this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/screenshot_20180830_142551.png + width 10cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Now you have assigned the TCB node to a rail. + Right-click the TCB node once again. + This will bring up a form which looks as follows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-26-35.png + width 10cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You see that the form is divided in side A and side B. + To designate where each side is, a marker is displayed on the rail. + You can always make this marker show up by punching the TCB node, and remove + it by punching the marker. + Both sides are shown as +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + This means that there is no track section set up at this place. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You should repeat this procedure once again a few meters away from the first + TCB to create a second TCB on the same track. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-32-48.png + width 10cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Once you have both bordering TCBs set up, you can now create the actual + track section. + To do this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Right-click one of the TCBs +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Locate the correct side (A or B) to create the track section +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Create interlocked Track Section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + in the formspec on the chosen side. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Now, the text on the formspec has changed. + It shows something like this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-27-25.png + width 5cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Clicking +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Show Track Section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + brings up another formspec: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-28-32.png + width 5cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +On the top, you see a list of all TCBs that border this track section. + In your case, there should be two TCBs listed. + If there's only one, head over to +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "subsec:Long-track-sections," + +\end_inset + +. + You should now select a name for the track section, to identify it later. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The same procedure is applicable when you create a turnout track section, + except that you have to set up three or more TCBs. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The AdvTrains interlocking system allows you to add more TCBs after you + have created a track section. + This works without problems in most cases. + For example, you can easily insert a turnout into an already set-up track + section and create another TCB behind it, and AdvTrains will automatically + detect the existing track section. + Problems arise only if you try to insert a TCB in-between a section, in + which case both sides of the TCB will end up assigned to the same section. + The code currently does not handle this case properly, so try to avoid + this situation by all means. + As a last resort, you can always dissolve a faulty track section, as described + in the next chapter. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Long track sections, crossings and other edge cases +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "subsec:Long-track-sections," + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Very long track sections +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you try to set up a track section that is longer than 1000 nodes, advtrains + won't recognize the TCB at the other end because of a safety limit in the + traverser function, which is supposed to prevent deadlocks. + This case has happened when the Track Section overview screen only shows + one TCB in the list. + The procedure for this is as follows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Go to the second TCB (the one that wasn't recognized). + It should show +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + on the relevant side. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Create interlocked track section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + The section created will be different from the one that is already present. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +In the track section overview, click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Join into other section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Go back to the first TCB, bring up the Track Section overview screen of + the first track section and click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Join with ??? +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The other, missing TCB should now appear in the list. + If you accidentally started such a joining procedure, click the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +X +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button on the right. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Rail crosses +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Since rail crosses are created by laying tracks across each other without + logical connection, there's no way for advtrains to know whether rails + cross each other. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Rail crossings in interlocking systems are always one single track section, + which in most cases has 4 TCBs adjacent. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-51-25.png + width 5cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The procedure is quite similar to the one for long sections: First, create + two track sections for the branches, and then use the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Join +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + function to merge both sections into one. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Deleting and re-adding single TCBs to a section +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In some occasions, for example when you remove a siding or a crossover, + it can be necessary to unassign a TCB from a track section. + There are multiple ways to do this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +In the TCB form, click the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Remove from section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +In the track section form, first select the TCB in the list and then click + +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Unlink selected TCB +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The result is that the TCB shows +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + and the section does not list the TCB as an endpoint anymore. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The other case is adding a siding or a crossover, in which case one or more + TCBs still show +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + although they should be part of a section: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Go to another TCB that is registered in the track section and click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Update near TCBs +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If that did not work, follow the procedure of creating a long track section +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Dissolving sections +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you made a mistake setting up something and you don't see any other way + to fix a misconfigured track section, you can always delete it using the + +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Dissolve section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button. + This operation removes the track section and sets all TCBs that previously + belonged to the section as +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + This will always work and lets you start over new with setting up track + sections. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Interlocking patterns +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This section shows some examples on how you should set up track sections + on certain track configurations. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Signals and routes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The purpose of signals is to inform trains about whether they can proceed + into the next section safely. + Making a section of track safe to pass for a train, turnouts need to be + set to the correct position and no other train should be allowed to cross + or share parts of the route with this train. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Assigning Signals to TCBs +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Signals in the advtrains interlocking system are positioned - like in real + life - at the border of track sections. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When you set up a signal, do the following steps: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +If not already happened, set up a TCB (you don't need to, but are advised + to, configure track sections there) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Place the signal a few meters in front of the TCB, so that trains stopping + at the signal do never pass the TCB +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Locate the side of the TCB which points in the direction that trains will + proceed past the signal, as shown in the figure below. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Right-click the TCB, and click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Assign a signal +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + on this side. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Punch the signal. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/assign_signal.png + width 8cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You can assign a signal to each side of a TCB. + This is, for example, useful when creating block sections on a bi-directional + main running line. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +The concept of routes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A so-called route is a locked path between two signals, which locks all + turnouts in the correct position. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Example: Imagine a station with 2 platforms on a single track running line. + We are looking at signal A. + You probably want trains coming from the right to go into platform 1 or + into platform 2, so you need to program 2 routes. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/route_ex1.png + width 7cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This leads us to the most important aspect of route programming: Routes + always start at a signal (A) and end at a signal facing in the +\series bold +same direction +\series default + (D and E), not at an opposite-facing signal (B and C). + There are only few exceptions, we'll cover this later. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When you set a route to make a train proceed on it, the interlocking system + ensures that: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +There are no rail vehicles on the route +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +All turnouts are set to the correct position and it is impossible to move + them +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +No other routes can be set that would in any way conflict with this route +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +For this to work, you need to specify all track sections the train will + pass along, as well as the positions of all turnouts that need to be locked. + Those are not only the turnouts that lay directly on the train's route, + but also some turnouts on adjacent tracks, the so-called flank protection. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The purpose of flank protection is to prevent runaway trains and/or wagons + to pass into a route. + This is achieved by setting nearby turnouts to a position that points +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +away +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + from the route. + Example: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/route_ex2.png + width 7cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The upper turnout, of course, needs to be locked in straight (normal) position, + while the lower one is not relevant for the route itself. + But what if the lower turnout was set to the diverging (reverse) position + and the driver of another train approaching signal B fails to see the red + light? This train would crash into the first one. + To minimise danger, that other train would need to be routed towards signal + D. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +There are, of course, situations, where both positions of a turnout would + conflict with a route equally. + In those situations, there's nothing you can do and no flank lock needs + to be set. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Shunt routes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Operating railways is not all about driving trains around. + Coupling, decoupling and moving single engines, wagons or groups of wagons + across a station, called shunting, also plays an important role. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Remember what we said about routes: There must be no rail vehicles on the + route. + So what if you have some goods wagons ready on a siding, and want to couple + an engine to it? You can not set a regular route into the siding, because + it is occupied. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The solution is to program a second route into the siding, but with the + difference that it already ends at the rear-facing signal of it, so it + doesn't include the siding section itself: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/route_ex3.png + width 7cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The Sht2 route then needs to show a shunt aspect, which instructs the driver + to proceed slowly and watch out for vehicles on the route. + To show a +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +free +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + aspect here would be wrong, because that would mean that the track is free + until the next main signal, which it is clearly not. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\shape italic +Note that advtrains_interlocking currently does not allow to set individual + aspects for routes, this is a feature still to be implemented soon. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Shunt routes like this are, so far, the only exception to the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Routes should end at a signal facing the same direction +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + rule. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Route Release +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In early real-life interlocking systems, routes either had to be cancelled + by the signalman after the train had passed the route, or there was a single + release contact at the end of the route. + However, as interlocking systems evolved and the position of trains is + now roughly known by the track sections, portions of the route can be freed + as soon as the train has left the corresponding section. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +AdvTrains has chosen a modern approach to route releasing. + Each turnout lock is associated to a track section belonging to the route's + path. + Once the train leaves this section, all assigned locks are also freed. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Programming a route +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The route programming procedure is quite straightforward if you've read + the previous sections and understood how routes should be set. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Routes always start at a signal. + You must have assigned the signal to a TCB, as described earlier. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When you right-click the signal, it no longer changes its aspect. + Instead, a formspec pops up, showing you an (empty) list of routes with + the possibility to set them or to create new routes. + Click the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Create new route +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button to start programming a new route. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The form closes, and an arrow is displayed on the TCB. + You are now in +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Route Programming +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + mode, programming the first track section of the route. + Now: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Put any turnouts you need to lock in the correct position (e.g. + by right-clicking them). + This includes flank protection. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Punch them. + This makes a marker saying +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Route Lock Editing +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + appear. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If you punch a turnout again, or punch the marker, you can remove the lock + again. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +When you've locked all turnouts in the current section, go to and punch + the TCB that is the border to the next track section the train proceeds + into. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Once you've done this, the lock markers change to +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Route Lock +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +, telling they can't be changed anymore. + Repeat the above procedure until you have punched the final TCB, at which + the route should end. + As mentioned before, there should be a signal at this place, however this + is not enforced. + Now, run the chat command +\family typewriter +/at_rp_set +\family default + to complete programming the route. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A few hints: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If one turnout should be locked by more than one section, set the lock only + in the +\family typewriter +\series bold +last +\family default +\series default + of those sections. + Locking the same turnout in multiple sections of a single route results + in undefined behavior! +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If you accidentally punched a TCB, you can run +\family typewriter +/at_rp_back +\family default + to undo this and return to the previous section. + Due to a bug, you have to re-set all locks of this section. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If you want to stop programming the entire route without saving it, run + +\family typewriter +/at_rp_discard +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Interlocking system operation +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Setting up the interlocking for a portion of a railway network requires + some time, experience and planning, but once done, there's not much to + do anymore to make trains run on your, now safer, railway. + This section covers some useful practices to route trains across your network. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +At the moment, routes can only be set by clicking the signal or via LuaATC, + except if you use automatic working. + It is planned to control this via the onboard computer and via a +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +signal box +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + view based on the currently broken itrainmap. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Simple route setting and cancelling +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +To set a route, simply right-click the signal, select a route and click + +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +set route +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + If there are no conflicts, the signal turns green and the train is allowed + to proceed. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +It may be possible that the route can not be set, because one or more other + routes conflict with the current one, or a section is blocked. + In this case, the signal stays red, and the conflicting item is shown in + the formspec. + As soon as the conflict is resolved (by cancellation or release of the + conflicting route, or the section becoming free), the requested route will + be set and the signal turns green. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If a route is either requested or set, it can be cancelled from the signalling + formspec. + This means that all turnouts and sections are released, and the signal + reverts back to red. + This of course only works when the train has not passed the signal yet. + There is no mechanism for Approach Locking. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Automatic Working +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Block signals on main running lines usually only have a single route to + set, the one proceeding along the main line. + Their purpose is only to show whether there are trains in the next section. + So, it would be convenient if this only route would set itself again after + a train passed. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is what Automatic Working is for. + Set a route, click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Enable Automatic Working +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +, and as soon as a train passes, the route is automatically re-set. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This function is nearly identical to SimSig automatic signals. + It can also be useful on a line with high traffic, when there's a low-frequente +d access to a siding. + You'd enable automatic working for the main route and cancel it only when + you need a train to go into the siding. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Final notes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The interlocking system is mainly finished, though there are still some + plans and ideas. + They include: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Setting routes from inside a train (via onboard computer) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Signalbox panels, as revival of itrainmap +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Individual signal aspects for routes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Distant signals +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +On-Train head-up display for oncoming signals (they have something like + this in Czech Republic, I forgot how it's called.) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Apart from this, there's the large oncoming project of a new timetable-based + train automation system, but this will take some time to evolve and is + out of the scope of this document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you have any suggestions, corrections, improvements, criticism or cute + kittens and stuff, you can always contact me by various means (Forum PM, + E-Mail (orwell@bleipb.de), Linuxworks server chat a.s.o.). + Have fun! +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +- orwell +\end_layout + +\end_body +\end_document diff --git a/assets/interlocking.lyx~ b/assets/interlocking.lyx~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a881dc --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/interlocking.lyx~ @@ -0,0 +1,1109 @@ +#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 508 +\begin_document +\begin_header +\save_transient_properties true +\origin unavailable +\textclass paper +\use_default_options true +\maintain_unincluded_children false +\language english +\language_package default +\inputencoding auto +\fontencoding global +\font_roman "default" "default" +\font_sans "default" "default" +\font_typewriter "default" "default" +\font_math "auto" "auto" +\font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false +\font_sc false +\font_osf false +\font_sf_scale 100 100 +\font_tt_scale 100 100 +\graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default +\paperfontsize default +\spacing single +\use_hyperref false +\papersize default +\use_geometry true +\use_package amsmath 1 +\use_package amssymb 1 +\use_package cancel 1 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 1 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 1 +\use_package stmaryrd 1 +\use_package undertilde 1 +\cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain +\use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false +\paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\justification true +\use_refstyle 1 +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index +\leftmargin 1cm +\topmargin 1cm +\rightmargin 1cm +\bottommargin 1cm +\secnumdepth 3 +\tocdepth 3 +\paragraph_separation indent +\paragraph_indentation 0bp +\quotes_language english +\papercolumns 1 +\papersides 1 +\paperpagestyle default +\tracking_changes false +\output_changes false +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false +\end_header + +\begin_body + +\begin_layout Title +Minetest Mod - Advanced Trains [advtrains] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Title +Interlocking System Guide +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Introduction +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In real-world railways, a so-called interlocking system is a set of railway + signals and trackside equipment. + Its purpose is to prevent conflicting train movements which otherwise could + result in derailing or colliding trains. + If you want more information, just search for +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +railway interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + on the internet. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Real-world interlocking systems perform this task by setting routes. + A route is a path along a track that a train can safely pass. + To set a route for a train, the signalman (the operator of a signal box) + has to set switches (turnouts) to the correct position and lock them in + order to make a signal for a train show +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Proceed +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + In newer systems, this is done automatically by the interlocking system. + A route can not be set if switches are locked to a wrong position by another + route or if any portion of the route is occupied by a train. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The interlocking system in this Minetest mod tries to follow real-world + interlocking systems as far as applicable. + It divides tracks into track sections and implements a route setting mechanism + following the same principle. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +However, for the sake of simplicity of implementation and usage, not all + concepts of real-world interlocking have been taken over. + Especially, there is no mechanism for overlap. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you are looking for a place to learn how real-world interlocking systems + work, have a look at +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +SimSig +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + By looking at their simulations, you can obtain experience on how to set + up your own interlocking systems in AdvTrains. + The SimSig glossary is a good place to look up unknown terms in this document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Setting up track sections +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In the real world, a line of track is divided into so-called track sections, + or track circuits. + Those systems often can not tell where exactly a train is, but only which + track sections it occupies. + A route can never be set through an occupied track section. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A track section often covers: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A section on a main running line, between two signals +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A single turnout +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A rail crossing, or a set of turnouts acting as a double/single slip switch +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +A siding +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You will find some examples on how to interlock certain patterns later. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Track Circuit Breaks +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In this mod, you will not directly configure the locations of track sections. + Instead, you designate the borders of each track section using a special + node, the Track Circuit Break, abbreviated TCB. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +For example, if you want to create a track section for a piece of a main + running line, you set up two TCBs at the ends of this track circuit. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Setting up a TCB works as follows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Place a TCB node somewhere near the place where the circuit break is going + to be located. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Right-click the TCB node +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Punch the rail which should act as TCB +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The result should look like this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/screenshot_20180830_142551.png + width 10cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Now you have assigned the TCB node to a rail. + Right-click the TCB node once again. + This will bring up a form which looks as follows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-26-35.png + width 10cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You see that the form is divided in side A and side B. + To designate where each side is, a marker is displayed on the rail. + You can always make this marker show up by punching the TCB node, and remove + it by punching the marker. + Both sides are shown as +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + This means that there is no track section set up at this place. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You should repeat this procedure once again a few meters away from the first + TCB to create a second TCB on the same track. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-32-48.png + width 10cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Once you have both bordering TCBs set up, you can now create the actual + track section. + To do this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Right-click one of the TCBs +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Locate the correct side (A or B) to create the track section +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Create interlocked Track Section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + in the formspec on the chosen side. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Now, the text on the formspec has changed. + It shows something like this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-27-25.png + width 5cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Clicking +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Show Track Section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + brings up another formspec: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-28-32.png + width 5cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +On the top, you see a list of all TCBs that border this track section. + In your case, there should be two TCBs listed. + If there's only one, head over to +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "subsec:Long-track-sections," + +\end_inset + +. + You should now select a name for the track section, to identify it later. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The same procedure is applicable when you create a turnout track section, + except that you have to set up three or more TCBs. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The AdvTrains interlocking system allows you to add more TCBs after you + have created a track section. + This works without problems in most cases. + For example, you can easily insert a turnout into an already set-up track + section and create another TCB behind it, and AdvTrains will automatically + detect the existing track section. + Problems arise only if you try to insert a TCB in-between a section, in + which case both sides of the TCB will end up assigned to the same section. + The code currently does not handle this case properly, so try to avoid + this situation by all means. + As a last resort, you can always dissolve a faulty track section, as described + in the next chapter. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Long track sections, crossings and other edge cases +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "subsec:Long-track-sections," + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Very long track sections +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you try to set up a track section that is longer than 1000 nodes, advtrains + won't recognize the TCB at the other end because of a safety limit in the + traverser function, which is supposed to prevent deadlocks. + This case has happened when the Track Section overview screen only shows + one TCB in the list. + The procedure for this is as follows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Go to the second TCB (the one that wasn't recognized). + It should show +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + on the relevant side. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Create interlocked track section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + The section created will be different from the one that is already present. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +In the track section overview, click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Join into other section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Go back to the first TCB, bring up the Track Section overview screen of + the first track section and click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Join with ??? +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The other, missing TCB should now appear in the list. + If you accidentally started such a joining procedure, click the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +X +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button on the right. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Rail crosses +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Since rail crosses are created by laying tracks across each other without + logical connection, there's no way for advtrains to know whether rails + cross each other. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Rail crossings in interlocking systems are always one single track section, + which in most cases has 4 TCBs adjacent. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-51-25.png + width 5cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The procedure is quite similar to the one for long sections: First, create + two track sections for the branches, and then use the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Join +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + function to merge both sections into one. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Deleting and re-adding single TCBs to a section +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In some occasions, for example when you remove a siding or a crossover, + it can be necessary to unassign a TCB from a track section. + There are multiple ways to do this: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +In the TCB form, click the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Remove from section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +In the track section form, first select the TCB in the list and then click + +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Unlink selected TCB +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The result is that the TCB shows +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + and the section does not list the TCB as an endpoint anymore. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The other case is adding a siding or a crossover, in which case one or more + TCBs still show +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + although they should be part of a section: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Go to another TCB that is registered in the track section and click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Update near TCBs +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If that did not work, follow the procedure of creating a long track section +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Dissolving sections +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you made a mistake setting up something and you don't see any other way + to fix a misconfigured track section, you can always delete it using the + +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Dissolve section +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button. + This operation removes the track section and sets all TCBs that previously + belonged to the section as +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +End of Interlocking +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + This will always work and lets you start over new with setting up track + sections. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Interlocking patterns +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This section shows some examples on how you should set up track sections + on certain track configurations. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Signals and routes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The purpose of signals is to inform trains about whether they can proceed + into the next section safely. + Making a section of track safe to pass for a train, turnouts need to be + set to the correct position and no other train should be allowed to cross + or share parts of the route with this train. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Assigning Signals to TCBs +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Signals in the advtrains interlocking system are positioned - like in real + life - at the border of track sections. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When you set up a signal, do the following steps: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +If not already happened, set up a TCB (you don't need to, but are advised + to, configure track sections there) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Place the signal a few meters in front of the TCB, so that trains stopping + at the signal do never pass the TCB +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Locate the side of the TCB which points in the direction that trains will + proceed past the signal, as shown in the figure below. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Right-click the TCB, and click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Assign a signal +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + on this side. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Punch the signal. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/assign_signal.png + width 8cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You can assign a signal to each side of a TCB. + This is, for example, useful when creating block sections on a bi-directional + main running line. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +The concept of routes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A so-called route is a locked path between two signals, which locks all + turnouts in the correct position. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Example: Imagine a station with 2 platforms on a single track running line. + We are looking at signal A. + You probably want trains coming from the right to go into platform 1 or + into platform 2, so you need to program 2 routes. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/route_ex1.png + width 7cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This leads us to the most important aspect of route programming: Routes + always start at a signal (A) and end at a signal facing in the +\series bold +same direction +\series default + (D and E), not at an opposite-facing signal (B and C). + There are only few exceptions, we'll cover this later. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When you set a route to make a train proceed on it, the interlocking system + ensures that: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +There are no rail vehicles on the route +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +All turnouts are set to the correct position and it is impossible to move + them +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +No other routes can be set that would in any way conflict with this route +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +For this to work, you need to specify all track sections the train will + pass along, as well as the positions of all turnouts that need to be locked. + Those are not only the turnouts that lay directly on the train's route, + but also some turnouts on adjacent tracks, the so-called flank protection. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The purpose of flank protection is to prevent runaway trains and/or wagons + to pass into a route. + This is achieved by setting nearby turnouts to a position that points +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +away +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + from the route. + Example: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/route_ex2.png + width 7cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The upper turnout, of course, needs to be locked in straight (normal) position, + while the lower one is not relevant for the route itself. + But what if the lower turnout was set to the diverging (reverse) position + and the driver of another train approaching signal B fails to see the red + light? This train would crash into the first one. + To minimise danger, that other train would need to be routed towards signal + D. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +There are, of course, situations, where both positions of a turnout would + conflict with a route equally. + In those situations, there's nothing you can do and no flank lock needs + to be set. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Shunt routes +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Operating railways is not all about driving trains around. + Coupling, decoupling and moving single engines, wagons or groups of wagons + across a station, called shunting, also plays an important role. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Remember what we said about routes: There must be no rail vehicles on the + route. + So what if you have some goods wagons ready on a siding, and want to couple + an engine to it? You can not set a regular route into the siding, because + it is occupied. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The solution is to program a second route into the siding, but with the + difference that it already ends at the rear-facing signal of it, so it + doesn't include the siding section itself: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Graphics + filename lyx_img/route_ex3.png + width 7cm + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The Sht2 route then needs to show a shunt aspect, which instructs the driver + to proceed slowly and watch out for vehicles on the route. + To show a +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +free +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + aspect here would be wrong, because that would mean that the track is free + until the next main signal, which it is clearly not. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\shape italic +Note that advtrains_interlocking currently does not allow to set individual + aspects for routes, this is a feature still to be implemented soon. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Shunt routes like this are, so far, the only exception to the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Routes should end at a signal facing the same direction +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + rule. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Route Release +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In early real-life interlocking systems, routes either had to be cancelled + by the signalman after the train had passed the route, or there was a single + release contact at the end of the route. + However, as interlocking systems evolved and the position of trains is + now roughly known by the track sections, portions of the route can be freed + as soon as the train has left the corresponding section. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +AdvTrains has chosen a modern approach to route releasing. + Each turnout lock is associated to a track section belonging to the route's + path. + Once the train leaves this section, all assigned locks are also freed. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Programming a route +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The route programming procedure is quite straightforward if you've read + the previous sections and understood how routes should be set. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Routes always start at a signal. + You must have assigned the signal to a TCB, as described earlier. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When you right-click the signal, it no longer changes its aspect. + Instead, a formspec pops up, showing you an (empty) list of routes with + the possibility to set them or to create new routes. + Click the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Create new route +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + button to start programming a new route. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The form closes, and an arrow is displayed on the TCB. + You are now in +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Route Programming +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + mode, programming the first track section of the route. + Now: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Put any turnouts you need to lock in the correct position (e.g. + by right-clicking them). + This includes flank protection. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +Punch them. + This makes a marker saying +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Route Lock Editing +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + appear. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If you punch a turnout again, or punch the marker, you can remove the lock + again. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +When you've locked all turnouts in the current section, go to and punch + the TCB that is the border to the next track section the train proceeds + into. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Once you've done this, the lock markers change to +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Route Lock +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +, telling they can't be changed anymore. + Repeat the above procedure until you have punched the final TCB, at which + the route should end. + As mentioned before, there should be a signal at this place, however this + is not enforced. + Now, run the chat command +\family typewriter +/at_rp_set +\family default + to complete programming the route. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A few hints: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If one turnout should be locked by more than one section, set the lock only + in the +\family typewriter +\series bold +last +\family default +\series default + of those sections. + Locking the same turnout in multiple sections of a single route results + in undefined behavior! +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If you accidentally punched a TCB, you can run +\family typewriter +/at_rp_back +\family default + to undo this and return to the previous section. + Due to a bug, you have to re-set all locks of this section. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +If you want to stop programming the entire route without saving it, run + +\family typewriter +/at_rp_discard +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Interlocking system operation +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Setting up the interlocking for a portion of a railway network requires + some time, experience and planning, but once done, there's not much to + do anymore to make trains run on your, now safer, railway. + This section covers some useful practices to route trains across your network. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +At the moment, routes can only be set by clicking the signal or via LuaATC, + except if you use automatic working. + It is planned to control this via the onboard computer and via a +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +signal box +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + view based on the currently broken itrainmap. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Simple route setting and cancelling +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +To set a route, simply right-click the signal, select a route and click + +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +set route +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + If there are no conflicts, the signal turns green and the train is allowed + to proceed. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +It may be possible that the route can not be set, because one or more other + routes conflict with the current one, or a section is blocked. + In this case, the signal stays red, and the conflicting item is shown in + the formspec. + As soon as the conflict is resolved (by cancellation or release of the + conflicting route, or the section becoming free), the requested route will + be set and the signal turns green. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If a route is either requested or set, it can be cancelled from the signalling + formspec. + This means that all turnouts and sections are released, and the signal + reverts back to red. + This of course only works when the train has not passed the signal yet. + There is no mechanism for Approach Locking. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Automatic Working +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Block signals on main running lines usually only have a single route to + set, the one proceeding along the main line. + Their purpose is only to show whether there are trains in the next section. + So, it would be convenient if this only route would set itself again after + a train passed. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is what Automatic Working is for. + Set a route, click +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Enable Automatic Working +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +, and as soon as a train passes, the route is automatically re-set. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This function is nearly identical to SimSig automatic signals. + It can also be useful on a line with high traffic, when there's a low-frequente +d access to a siding. + You'd enable automatic working for the main route and cancel it only when + you need a train to go into the siding. 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+ + + + + + + + + +

Advanced +Trains +

This mod aims to provide realistic, good-looking and functional trains by introducing a revolutionary rail placement system. It +features several wagons that can be coupled together. +

This mod is not finished. If you miss features, suggest them, but do not denounce this mod just because they are not yet implemented. +They will be. +Placing +Rails +

Minetest’s in-house rail system features rails that turn at an angle of 90 degrees – totally impractical for the use with realistic trains. So +we have our own rails. Remember: Carts can’t drive on the rails provided by this mod, as do trains not drive on minetest’s default rails +because of their different track widths. +

First, craft some rails. +

PIC +

Now, place one at any position and another one right next to it: you have made your first railway track! +

To learn how to make turns have a look at the following examples. A rail node has been placed only at the red-marked +places. +

PICPIC +

PICPIC +

As shown in the illustrations above, the 30-degree angled rails use a knight’s move (2 ahead, 1 aside) for placement. For the rails to +look realistic, I encourage you not to build turns that are too narrow. IMO the angles you can build with this are still way to narrow, but +this is the best compromise I can find. +

+

Switches +

To create switches we need the trackworker tool. ATM it looks like a Doctor Who Sonic Screwdriver. Aside from turning rails into +switches, it is also capable of rotating everything (rails, bumpers, signals) in this mod. Due to internal mechanics, nothing can be rotated +using the default screwdriver. +

PIC +

Place some rails. Then left-click 1-2 times on one of these rails, until you see a switch. Use right-click to rotate it how you need it. You +can change the switch direction by right-clicking the switch or by powering it with mesecons. +

Unfortunately tracks that are placed next to switches don’t always automatically connect to them. You need to correct manually +using the Trackworker. One day I will implement proper handling for these. When you are finished it could look like +this: +

PIC +

+

Rail +crosses +

There are no real cross-rail nodes. However you can create crossing rails by being creative and using the knight’s move or by placing +opposing 45-degree rails. +

PICPIC +

+

Height +differences +

To master height differences you can craft slope nodes: +

PIC +

To place them, you have to prepare the base, then stand in the right direction and point to the slope start point, then place it. A slope +will be constructed in the direction you are facing (45 degree steps) leaned against the next solid node. The right number of slopes is +subtracted from the item stack if you are in survival. +

+

Bumpers, +platforms, +signals +and +detector +rails +

PIC +

Bumpers are objects that are usually placed at the end of a track to prevent trains rolling off it. After placed, they can be rotated +using the Trackworker. +

PICPIC +

These are a regular analog signal and an electric signal. Like everything, you can rotate them using the Trackworker. +Right-click or power with mesecons to signal trains that they can pass or have to stop. The signals do not have any effect on +trains, they can only signal the driver. A more advanced signalling system (with distant signals/signal combinations) is +planned. +

PICPIC +

These are some platform nodes. I suggest using the left one, it’s only half height and looks better. These nodes also have a sandstone +variant, craft with sandstone bricks +

PIC +

These detector rails turn adjacent mesecons on when a train is standing/driving over them. +

Notice: Detector rails and bumpers currently aren’t aligned to the regular tracks. This will be fixed soon. Meanwhile, you need to +rotate them manually. +

+

Trains +

There are some wagons included in this modpack, however community members (namely mbb and Andrey) have made some more wagons +that can be downloaded and enabled separately. Visit the forum topic (https://forum.minetest.net/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=14726) +to download them. +

To see what’s included, look up in a craft guide or consult the creative mode inventory. +

To place wagons simply craft and click a track. To remove a wagon, punch it. Only the person who placed the wagon can do this. In +survival if you destroy trains you get only some of your steel back, so you will be asked to confirm if you really want to destroy a +wagon. +

+

Driving +trains +

Right-click any wagon to get on. This will attach you to the wagon and register you as passenger. Depending on how the wagon is set +up, you are either in a passenger seat or inside a driver stand. Right-clicking again will show your possibilities on what you can do in/with +the wagon. +

Example: +

PIC +

When entering a subway wagon, you are formally inside the passenger area. You can see this by the fact that there’s no head-up +display. Right-clicking brings up this form. +

The first button will make you move to the Driver stand, so you can drive the train. +

The second button should say “Wagon properties” and appears only for the wagon owner. See “Wagon Properties”. +

The last button tells that the doors are closed, so you can’t get off at this time. If the doors are open or the wagon has no doors, this +button says “Get off”. +

It is always possible to bypass closed doors and get off by holding the Sneak key and right-clicking the wagon or by +holding Sneak and Use at the same time. Remember that this may result in your death when the train is travelling +fast. +

The Japanese train and the Subway train support automatic getting on by just walking into the wagon. As soon as you stand on a +platform and walk towards a door, you will automatically get on the wagon. On these, pressing W or S while inside the Passenger Area +will also make you get off. +

+

Train +controls +

If you are inside a driver stand you are presented with a head-up display: +

The upper bar shows your current speed and the lower bar shows what speed you ordered the train to hold. Assuming you have the +default controls (WASD, Shift for sneak, Space for jump), the following key bindings apply: +

+

+

Coupling +wagons +

You just learned how to drive an engine. Now place a wagon anywhere and drive your engine slowly towards that wagon. As soon as +they collided your engine will stop. Now get off and right-click the green icon that appeared between the engine and the train. You have +coupled the wagon to the engine. +

PIC +

To discouple a wagon, punch the red icon between the wagons you want to discouple while the train is standing. +

+

Automatic +Train +Control +(ATC) +

ATC rails allow you to automate train operation. There are two types of ATC rails: +

+

Regular +ATC +

The ATC rail does not have a crafting recipe. When placed, you can set a command and it will be sent to any train driving over the +controller. +

Only the static mode is implemented, changing the mode has no effect. +

For a detailed explanation how ATC commands work and their syntax see atc_command.txt +

Note: to rotate ATC rails, you need to bypass the formspec that is set for the node. To do this, hold Sneak when right-clicking the rail +with the trackworker tool. +

+

LUA +ATC +

The LUA ATC suite is part of the mod advtrains_luaautomation. The LUA ATC components are quite similar to Mesecons +Luacontrollers and allow to create all kinds of automation systems. This tool is not intended for beginners or regular players, but for +server admins who wish to create a heavily automated subway system. +

More information on those can be found inside the mod directory of advtrains_luaautomation. + + + + -- cgit v1.2.3