Run entity overrun checking only in loaded areas - advtrains.git

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author	orwell96 <orwell@bleipb.de>	2019-06-05 15:49:53 +0200
committer	orwell96 <orwell@bleipb.de>	2019-06-05 15:49:53 +0200
commit	d6cfa7dbf62887ba4b408900946ade28f7ca12c3 (patch)
tree	5a283c0cd6a08e56808a855f81f9ed0e86abdd1f /advtrains_line_automation
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Run entity overrun checking only in loaded areas

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\batchmode \makeatletter \def\input@path{{/home/moritz/Home/Projekte/Minetest/minetest/mods/advtrains/assets/}} \makeatother \documentclass[english]{paper} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[latin9]{inputenc} \usepackage{geometry} \geometry{verbose,tmargin=1cm,bmargin=1cm,lmargin=1cm,rmargin=1cm} \setlength{\parindent}{0bp} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{babel} \begin{document} \title{Minetest Mod - Advanced Trains {[}advtrains{]}} \title{Interlocking System Guide} \maketitle \section{Introduction} In real-world railways, a so-called interlocking system is a set of railway signals and trackside equipment. Its purpose is to prevent conflicting train movements which otherwise could result in derailing or colliding trains. If you want more information, just search for ``railway interlocking'' on the internet. Real-world interlocking systems perform this task by setting routes. A route is a path along a track that a train can safely pass. To set a route for a train, the signalman (the operator of a signal box) has to set switches (turnouts) to the correct position and lock them in order to make a signal for a train show ``Proceed''. In newer systems, this is done automatically by the interlocking system. A route can not be set if switches are locked to a wrong position by another route or if any portion of the route is occupied by a train. The interlocking system in this Minetest mod tries to follow real-world interlocking systems as far as applicable. It divides tracks into track sections and implements a route setting mechanism following the same principle. However, for the sake of simplicity of implementation and usage, not all concepts of real-world interlocking have been taken over. Especially, there is no mechanism for overlap. If you are looking for a place to learn how real-world interlocking systems work, have a look at ``SimSig''. By looking at their simulations, you can obtain experience on how to set up your own interlocking systems in AdvTrains. The SimSig glossary is a good place to look up unknown terms in this document. \section{Setting up track sections} In the real world, a line of track is divided into so-called track sections, or track circuits. Those systems often can not tell where exactly a train is, but only which track sections it occupies. A route can never be set through an occupied track section. A track section often covers: \begin{itemize} \item A section on a main running line, between two signals \item A single turnout \item A rail crossing, or a set of turnouts acting as a double/single slip switch \item A siding \end{itemize} You will find some examples on how to interlock certain patterns later. \subsection{Track Circuit Breaks} In this mod, you will not directly configure the locations of track sections. Instead, you designate the borders of each track section using a special node, the Track Circuit Break, abbreviated TCB. For example, if you want to create a track section for a piece of a main running line, you set up two TCBs at the ends of this track circuit. Setting up a TCB works as follows: \begin{enumerate} \item Place a TCB node somewhere near the place where the circuit break is going to be located. \item Right-click the TCB node \item Punch the rail which should act as TCB \end{enumerate} The result should look like this: \includegraphics[width=10cm]{0_home_moritz_Home_Projekte_Minetest_minetest_m___s_assets_lyx_img_screenshot_20180830_142551.png} Now you have assigned the TCB node to a rail. Right-click the TCB node once again. This will bring up a form which looks as follows: \includegraphics[width=10cm]{1_home_moritz_Home_Projekte_Minetest_minetest_m____lyx_img_Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-26-35.png} You see that the form is divided in side A and side B. To designate where each side is, a marker is displayed on the rail. You can always make this marker show up by punching the TCB node, and remove it by punching the marker. Both sides are shown as ``End of interlocking''. This means that there is no track section set up at this place. You should repeat this procedure once again a few meters away from the first TCB to create a second TCB on the same track. \includegraphics[width=10cm]{2_home_moritz_Home_Projekte_Minetest_minetest_m____lyx_img_Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-32-48.png} Once you have both bordering TCBs set up, you can now create the actual track section. To do this: \begin{enumerate} \item Right-click one of the TCBs \item Locate the correct side (A or B) to create the track section \item Click ``Create interlocked Track Section'' in the formspec on the chosen side. \end{enumerate} Now, the text on the formspec has changed. It shows something like this: \includegraphics[width=5cm]{3_home_moritz_Home_Projekte_Minetest_minetest_m____lyx_img_Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-27-25.png} Clicking ``Show Track Section'' brings up another formspec: \includegraphics[width=5cm]{4_home_moritz_Home_Projekte_Minetest_minetest_m____lyx_img_Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-28-32.png} On the top, you see a list of all TCBs that border this track section. In your case, there should be two TCBs listed. If there's only one, head over to \ref{subsec:Long-track-sections,}. You should now select a name for the track section, to identify it later. The same procedure is applicable when you create a turnout track section, except that you have to set up three or more TCBs. The AdvTrains interlocking system allows you to add more TCBs after you have created a track section. This works without problems in most cases. For example, you can easily insert a turnout into an already set-up track section and create another TCB behind it, and AdvTrains will automatically detect the existing track section. Problems arise only if you try to insert a TCB in-between a section, in which case both sides of the TCB will end up assigned to the same section. The code currently does not handle this case properly, so try to avoid this situation by all means. As a last resort, you can always dissolve a faulty track section, as described in the next chapter. \subsection{Long track sections, crossings and other edge cases\label{subsec:Long-track-sections,}} \subsubsection{Very long track sections} If you try to set up a track section that is longer than 1000 nodes, advtrains won't recognize the TCB at the other end because of a safety limit in the traverser function, which is supposed to prevent deadlocks. This case has happened when the Track Section overview screen only shows one TCB in the list. The procedure for this is as follows: \begin{enumerate} \item Go to the second TCB (the one that wasn't recognized). It should show ``End of Interlocking'' on the relevant side. \item Click ``Create interlocked track section''. The section created will be different from the one that is already present. \item In the track section overview, click ``Join into other section'' \item Go back to the first TCB, bring up the Track Section overview screen of the first track section and click ``Join with ???'' \end{enumerate} The other, missing TCB should now appear in the list. If you accidentally started such a joining procedure, click the ``X'' button on the right. \subsubsection{Rail crosses} Since rail crosses are created by laying tracks across each other without logical connection, there's no way for advtrains to know whether rails cross each other. Rail crossings in interlocking systems are always one single track section, which in most cases has 4 TCBs adjacent. \includegraphics[width=5cm]{5_home_moritz_Home_Projekte_Minetest_minetest_m____lyx_img_Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-51-25.png} The procedure is quite similar to the one for long sections: First, create two track sections for the branches, and then use the ``Join'' function to merge both sections into one. \subsubsection{Deleting and re-adding single TCBs to a section} In some occasions, for example when you remove a siding or a crossover, it can be necessary to unassign a TCB from a track section. There are multiple ways to do this: \begin{itemize} \item In the TCB form, click the ``Remove from section'' button \item In the track section form, first select the TCB in the list and then click ``Unlink selected TCB'' \end{itemize} The result is that the TCB shows ``End of Interlocking'' and the section does not list the TCB as an endpoint anymore. The other case is adding a siding or a crossover, in which case one or more TCBs still show ``End of Interlocking'' although they should be part of a section: \begin{itemize} \item Go to another TCB that is registered in the track section and click ``Update near TCBs'' \item If that did not work, follow the procedure of creating a long track section \end{itemize} \subsubsection{Dissolving sections} If you made a mistake setting up something and you don't see any other way to fix a misconfigured track section, you can always delete it using the ``Dissolve section'' button. This operation removes the track section and sets all TCBs that previously belonged to the section as ``End of Interlocking''. This will always work and lets you start over new with setting up track sections. \subsection{Interlocking patterns} Have a look at the following images. They show you how you can set up sections so that reasonable train moves are possible. You should settle on a naming scheme for your sections. This way, you can determine the source of an issue faster \section{Signals and routes} Signals are appliances that can give instructions to trains. That can be the permission to proceed, a speed restriction, or other information. There are 2 types of signals: \begin{itemize} \item Static signals always display the same information to the train. This can be a speed restriction (or the end of one), a disallowal to proceed as shunt move or similar things. In most cases, these are signs. \item Dynamic signals are what most people would call a ``signal''. Its function is to inform trains about whether and at which speed they can proceed into the next section safely. \end{itemize} \subsection{Signal Influence Point} Every signal is associated to a track on which the instruction should be followed. Signals are usually placed right next to the track on the right side. Human observers do know then that the signal belongs to the track left of it, however, train safety systems (like the one in advtrains) can not. This is the reason why a so-called ``influence point'' needs to be assigned to any signal that should actually give instructions to trains, should the driver (if even there is one) fail to recognize the instructions. Depending on the signal and the mod that adds the signal, there are different ways to configure this. Signals integrated into advtrains behave as follows: \begin{itemize} \item Static signals and all red-green light signals from core advtrains that are not assigned to a TCB can be configured by holding the ``Use'' key and then right-clicking the signal \item All signals that are assigned to a TCB can be configured by first right-clicking them, then selecting ``Influence Point'' in the signalling formspec. \end{itemize} The small formspec that opens allows you to set and later view or clear the Influence Point. To set the influence point, click the ``Set'' button, face towards the signal and punch a rail about 2m in front of the signal. A small marker will be shown, indicating success. To cancel setting an influence point, punch anything other. (note that then the influence point remains unset, regardless of its previous state) The advtrains-internal train safety system ensures that the train always obeys any restrictions imposed by signals, if (and only if) the influence point is set properly. \subsection{Signal Aspects} While static signals are mainly used for speed restrictions, the interesting ones are variable signals. Of course, you can always control any variable signal by traditional means (mesecons, digiline, right-click) if the signal allows it, but that misses the point of this interlocking system. A signal aspect is a piece of information that a signal shows to the train driver. It contains information about whether and at what speed the driver may proceed at the signal. Every signal, both static and dynamic ones, imposes a certain aspect to trains passing the signal. For static signals, this is always the same aspect, such as ``Proceed at speed of 8'' or ``Shunt moves may not pass''. Dynamic signals, however, can display multiple different aspects. The default for them is always as restrictive as possible, mostly ``Halt!''. You should know that both static and dynamic signals use exactly the same properties for signal aspects. There is no difference in the meaning of the aspect definitions. In the following sections, we will talk about main signals. By this, we mean a variable signal that can display both a ``Danger'' aspect (trains are not allowed to proceed) and at least one ``Proceed'' aspect (train may proceed as train/shunt move, with optional speed restriction), which act as an ``entry signal'' for one or multiple routes. \subsection{Train moves and Shunt Moves} \begin{itemize} \item A ``Train move'' is a train that is running, going to run on or coming from a main line between stations, passing through or stopping at a station. Train moves can expect that there are no obstacles on the route and they can proceed at the maximum permitted speed of the line. This is the regular operation mode for trains. Shunt signals have no meaning for train moves. \item A ``Shunt move'' is a train that moves within a station and/or is coupling or decoupling wagons or engines. A shunt move may never leave a station except into a siding. Also, shunt moves may drive at a maximum speed of 6 speed units, because it is usually not ensured that the path is free of obstacles. (however, advtrains ensures that every route is free of railway vehicles, even shunt routes) \end{itemize} There are also 2 general types of signals: Main signals and Shunt signals. While main signals have a meaning for all types of trains, Shunt signals only have to be followed by shunt moves. Usually, Shunt signals that are on a train move route are set to a Proceed aspect as well. When a train reverses, its mode automatically changes to ``shunt move'' until it passes a main signal that shows ``Proceed as train move'', which is usually designated by a green light. From this point on, it can accelerate to maximum permitted speed. Some main signals, like the ones from the Ks signals mod included by default, can also display ``Proceed as shunt move'', which is designated by 2 white lights along with the red light. Once a train passes this signal, it becomes a shunt move. \subsection{The concept of routes} A so-called route is a locked path between two main signals, which locks all turnouts in the correct position. Its purpose is to offer a train a path on which it can safely proceed without interfering with any other train. A route always incorporates and locks one to multiple track sections, starting with the one that lies directly behind the ``entry'' signal. Example: Imagine a station with 2 platforms on a single track running line. We are looking at signal A. You probably want trains coming from the right to go into platform 1 or into platform 2, so you need to program 2 routes. \includegraphics[width=7cm]{6_home_moritz_Home_Projekte_Minetest_minetest_mods_advtrains_assets_lyx_img_route_ex1.png} This leads us to the most important aspect of route programming: Routes always start at a signal (A) and end at a signal facing in the \textbf{same direction} (D and E), not at an opposite-facing signal (B and C). There are only few exceptions, we'll cover this later. When you set a route to make a train proceed on it, the interlocking system ensures that: \begin{itemize} \item There are no rail vehicles on the route \item All turnouts are set to the correct position and it is impossible to move them \item No other routes can be set that would in any way conflict with this route \end{itemize} For this to work, you need to specify all track sections the train will pass along, as well as the positions of all turnouts that need to be locked. Those are not only the turnouts that lay directly on the train's route, but also some turnouts on adjacent tracks, the so-called flank protection. The purpose of flank protection is to prevent runaway trains and/or wagons to pass into a route. This is achieved by setting nearby turnouts


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