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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2.1, February 1999

Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts
 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
 the version number 2.1.]

Preamble

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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 
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/*
Minetest
Copyright (C) 2013 celeron55, Perttu Ahola <celeron55@gmail.com>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/

#include <iomanip>
#include <cerrno>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include "connection.h"
#include "serialization.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "porting.h"
#include "network/connectionthreads.h"
#include "network/networkpacket.h"
#include "network/peerhandler.h"
#include "util/serialize.h"
#include "util/numeric.h"
#include "util/string.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "profiler.h"

namespace con
{

/******************************************************************************/
/* defines used for debugging and profiling                                   */
/******************************************************************************/
#ifdef NDEBUG
	#define LOG(a) a
	#define PROFILE(a)
#else
	#if 0
	/* this mutex is used to achieve log message consistency */
	std::mutex log_message_mutex;
	#define LOG(a)                                                                 \
		{                                                                          \
		MutexAutoLock loglock(log_message_mutex);                                 \
		a;                                                                         \
		}
	#else
	// Prevent deadlocks until a solution is found after 5.2.0 (TODO)
	#define LOG(a) a
	#endif

	#define PROFILE(a) a
#endif

#define PING_TIMEOUT 5.0

BufferedPacket makePacket(Address &address, const SharedBuffer<u8> &data,
		u32 protocol_id, session_t sender_peer_id, u8 channel)
{
	u32 packet_size = data.getSize() + BASE_HEADER_SIZE;
	BufferedPacket p(packet_size);
	p.address = address;

	writeU32(&p.data[0], protocol_id);
	writeU16(&p.data[4], sender_peer_id);
	writeU8(&p.data[6], channel);

	memcpy(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE], *data, data.getSize());

	return p;
}

SharedBuffer<u8> makeOriginalPacket(const SharedBuffer<u8> &data)
{
	u32 header_size = 1;
	u32 packet_size = data.getSize() + header_size;
	SharedBuffer<u8> b(packet_size);

	writeU8(&(b[0]), PACKET_TYPE_ORIGINAL);
	if (data.getSize() > 0) {
		memcpy(&(b[header_size]), *data, data.getSize());
	}
	return b;
}

// Split data in chunks and add TYPE_SPLIT headers to them
void makeSplitPacket(const SharedBuffer<u8> &data, u32 chunksize_max, u16 seqnum,
		std::list<SharedBuffer<u8>> *chunks)
{
	// Chunk packets, containing the TYPE_SPLIT header
	u32 chunk_header_size = 7;
	u32 maximum_data_size = chunksize_max - chunk_header_size;
	u32 start = 0;
	u32 end = 0;
	u32 chunk_num = 0;
	u16 chunk_count = 0;
	do {
		end = start + maximum_data_size - 1;
		if (end > data.getSize() - 1)
			end = data.getSize() - 1;

		u32 payload_size = end - start + 1;
		u32 packet_size = chunk_header_size + payload_size;

		SharedBuffer<u8> chunk(packet_size);

		writeU8(&chunk[0], PACKET_TYPE_SPLIT);
		writeU16(&chunk[1], seqnum);
		// [3] u16 chunk_count is written at next stage
		writeU16(&chunk[5], chunk_num);
		memcpy(&chunk[chunk_header_size], &data[start], payload_size);

		chunks->push_back(chunk);
		chunk_count++;

		start = end + 1;
		chunk_num++;
	}
	while (end != data.getSize() - 1);

	for (SharedBuffer<u8> &chunk : *chunks) {
		// Write chunk_count
		writeU16(&(chunk[3]), chunk_count);
	}
}

void makeAutoSplitPacket(const SharedBuffer<u8> &data, u32 chunksize_max,
		u16 &split_seqnum, std::list<SharedBuffer<u8>> *list)
{
	u32 original_header_size = 1;

	if (data.getSize() + original_header_size > chunksize_max) {
		makeSplitPacket(data, chunksize_max, split_seqnum, list);
		split_seqnum++;
		return;
	}

	list->push_back(makeOriginalPacket(data));
}

SharedBuffer<u8> makeReliablePacket(const SharedBuffer<u8> &data, u16 seqnum)
{
	u32 header_size = 3;
	u32 packet_size = data.getSize() + header_size;
	SharedBuffer<u8> b(packet_size);

	writeU8(&b[0], PACKET_TYPE_RELIABLE);
	writeU16(&b[1], seqnum);

	memcpy(&b[header_size], *data, data.getSize());

	return b;
}

/*
	ReliablePacketBuffer
*/

void ReliablePacketBuffer::print()
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	LOG(dout_con<<"Dump of ReliablePacketBuffer:" << std::endl);
	unsigned int index = 0;
	for (BufferedPacket &bufferedPacket : m_list) {
		u16 s = readU16(&(bufferedPacket.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]));
		LOG(dout_con<<index<< ":" << s << std::endl);
		index++;
	}
}

bool ReliablePacketBuffer::empty()
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	return m_list.empty();
}

u32 ReliablePacketBuffer::size()
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	return m_list.size();
}

RPBSearchResult ReliablePacketBuffer::findPacket(u16 seqnum)
{
	std::list<BufferedPacket>::iterator i = m_list.begin();
	for(; i != m_list.end(); ++i)
	{
		u16 s = readU16(&(i->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]));
		if (s == seqnum)
			break;
	}
	return i;
}

RPBSearchResult ReliablePacketBuffer::notFound()
{
	return m_list.end();
}

bool ReliablePacketBuffer::getFirstSeqnum(u16& result)
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	if (m_list.empty())
		return false;
	const BufferedPacket &p = *m_list.begin();
	result = readU16(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE + 1]);
	return true;
}

BufferedPacket ReliablePacketBuffer::popFirst()
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	if (m_list.empty())
		throw NotFoundException("Buffer is empty");
	BufferedPacket p = *m_list.begin();
	m_list.erase(m_list.begin());

	if (m_list.empty()) {
		m_oldest_non_answered_ack = 0;
	} else {
		m_oldest_non_answered_ack =
				readU16(&m_list.begin()->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE + 1]);
	}
	return p;
}

BufferedPacket ReliablePacketBuffer::popSeqnum(u16 seqnum)
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	RPBSearchResult r = findPacket(seqnum);
	if (r == notFound()) {
		LOG(dout_con<<"Sequence number: " << seqnum
				<< " not found in reliable buffer"<<std::endl);
		throw NotFoundException("seqnum not found in buffer");
	}
	BufferedPacket p = *r;


	RPBSearchResult next = r;
	++next;
	if (next != notFound()) {
		u16 s = readU16(&(next->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]));
		m_oldest_non_answered_ack = s;
	}

	m_list.erase(r);

	if (m_list.empty()) {
		m_oldest_non_answered_ack = 0;
	} else {
		m_oldest_non_answered_ack =
				readU16(&m_list.begin()->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE + 1]);
	}
	return p;
}

void ReliablePacketBuffer::insert(BufferedPacket &p, u16 next_expected)
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	if (p.data.getSize() < BASE_HEADER_SIZE + 3) {
		errorstream << "ReliablePacketBuffer::insert(): Invalid data size for "
			"reliable packet" << std::endl;
		return;
	}
	u8 type = readU8(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE + 0]);
	if (type != PACKET_TYPE_RELIABLE) {
		errorstream << "ReliablePacketBuffer::insert(): type is not reliable"
			<< std::endl;
		return;
	}
	u16 seqnum = readU16(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE + 1]);

	if (!seqnum_in_window(seqnum, next_expected, MAX_RELIABLE_WINDOW_SIZE)) {
		errorstream << "ReliablePacketBuffer::insert(): seqnum is outside of "
			"expected window " << std::endl;
		return;
	}
	if (seqnum == next_expected) {
		errorstream << "ReliablePacketBuffer::insert(): seqnum is next expected"
			<< std::endl;
		return;
	}

	sanity_check(m_list.size() <= SEQNUM_MAX); // FIXME: Handle the error?

	// Find the right place for the packet and insert it there
	// If list is empty, just add it
	if (m_list.empty())
	{
		m_list.push_back(p);
		m_oldest_non_answered_ack = seqnum;
		// Done.
		return;
	}

	// Otherwise find the right place
	std::list<BufferedPacket>::iterator i = m_list.begin();
	// Find the first packet in the list which has a higher seqnum
	u16 s = readU16(&(i->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]));

	/* case seqnum is smaller then next_expected seqnum */
	/* this is true e.g. on wrap around */
	if (seqnum < next_expected) {
		while(((s < seqnum) || (s >= next_expected)) && (i != m_list.end())) {
			++i;
			if (i != m_list.end())
				s = readU16(&(i->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]));
		}
	}
	/* non wrap around case (at least for incoming and next_expected */
	else
	{
		while(((s < seqnum) && (s >= next_expected)) && (i != m_list.end())) {
			++i;
			if (i != m_list.end())
				s = readU16(&(i->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]));
		}
	}

	if (s == seqnum) {
		/* nothing to do this seems to be a resent packet */
		/* for paranoia reason data should be compared */
		if (
			(readU16(&(i->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1])) != seqnum) ||
			(i->data.getSize() != p.data.getSize()) ||
			(i->address != p.address)
			)
		{
			/* if this happens your maximum transfer window may be to big */
			fprintf(stderr,
					"Duplicated seqnum %d non matching packet detected:\n",
					seqnum);
			fprintf(stderr, "Old: seqnum: %05d size: %04d, address: %s\n",
					readU16(&(i->data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1])),i->data.getSize(),
					i->address.serializeString().c_str());
			fprintf(stderr, "New: seqnum: %05d size: %04u, address: %s\n",
					readU16(&(p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1])),p.data.getSize(),
					p.address.serializeString().c_str());
			throw IncomingDataCorruption("duplicated packet isn't same as original one");
		}
	}
	/* insert or push back */
	else if (i != m_list.end()) {
		m_list.insert(i, p);
	} else {
		m_list.push_back(p);
	}

	/* update last packet number */
	m_oldest_non_answered_ack = readU16(&(*m_list.begin()).data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]);
}

void ReliablePacketBuffer::incrementTimeouts(float dtime)
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	for (BufferedPacket &bufferedPacket : m_list) {
		bufferedPacket.time += dtime;
		bufferedPacket.totaltime += dtime;
	}
}

std::list<BufferedPacket> ReliablePacketBuffer::getTimedOuts(float timeout,
													unsigned int max_packets)
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_list_mutex);
	std::list<BufferedPacket> timed_outs;
	for (BufferedPacket &bufferedPacket : m_list) {
		if (bufferedPacket.time >= timeout) {
			timed_outs.push_back(bufferedPacket);

			//this packet will be sent right afterwards reset timeout here
			bufferedPacket.time = 0.0f;
			if (timed_outs.size() >= max_packets)
				break;
		}
	}
	return timed_outs;
}

/*
	IncomingSplitPacket
*/

bool IncomingSplitPacket::insert(u32 chunk_num, SharedBuffer<u8> &chunkdata)
{
	sanity_check(chunk_num < chunk_count);

	// If chunk already exists, ignore it.
	// Sometimes two identical packets may arrive when there is network
	// lag and the server re-sends stuff.
	if (chunks.find(chunk_num) != chunks.end())
		return false;

	// Set chunk data in buffer
	chunks[chunk_num] = chunkdata;

	return true;
}

SharedBuffer<u8> IncomingSplitPacket::reassemble()
{
	sanity_check(allReceived());

	// Calculate total size
	u32 totalsize = 0;
	for (const auto &chunk : chunks)
		totalsize += chunk.second.getSize();

	SharedBuffer<u8> fulldata(totalsize);

	// Copy chunks to data buffer
	u32 start = 0;
	for (u32 chunk_i = 0; chunk_i < chunk_count; chunk_i++) {
		const SharedBuffer<u8> &buf = chunks[chunk_i];
		memcpy(&fulldata[start], *buf, buf.getSize());
		start += buf.getSize();
	}

	return fulldata;
}

/*
	IncomingSplitBuffer
*/

IncomingSplitBuffer::~IncomingSplitBuffer()
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_map_mutex);
	for (auto &i : m_buf) {
		delete i.second;
	}
}

SharedBuffer<u8> IncomingSplitBuffer::insert(const BufferedPacket &p, bool reliable)
{
	MutexAutoLock listlock(m_map_mutex);
	u32 headersize = BASE_HEADER_SIZE + 7;
	if (p.data.getSize() < headersize) {
		errorstream << "Invalid data size for split packet" << std::endl;
		return SharedBuffer<u8>();
	}
	u8 type = readU8(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+0]);
	u16 seqnum = readU16(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+1]);
	u16 chunk_count = readU16(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+3]);
	u16 chunk_num = readU16(&p.data[BASE_HEADER_SIZE+5]);

	if (type != PACKET_TYPE_SPLIT) {
		errorstream << "IncomingSplitBuffer::insert(): type is not split"
			<< std::endl;
		return SharedBuffer<u8>();
	}
	if (chunk_num >= chunk_count) {
		errorstream << "IncomingSplitBuffer::insert(): chunk_num=" << chunk_num
				<< " >= chunk_count=" << chunk_count << std::endl;
		return SharedBuffer<u8>();
	}

	// Add if doesn't exist
	IncomingSplitPacket *sp;
	if (m_buf.find(seqnum) == m_buf.end()) {
		sp = new IncomingSplitPacket(chunk_count, reliable);
		m_buf[seqnum] = sp;
	} else {
		sp = m_buf[seqnum];
	}

	if (chunk_count != sp->chunk_count) {
		errorstream << "IncomingSplitBuffer::insert(): chunk_count="
				<< chunk_count << " != sp->chunk_count=" << sp->chunk_count
				<< std::endl;
		return SharedBuffer<u8>();
	}
	if (reliable != sp->reliable)
		LOG(derr_con<<"Connection: WARNING: reliable="<<reliable
				<<" != sp->reliable="<<sp->reliable
				<<std::endl);

	// Cut chunk data out of packet
	u32 chunkdatasize = p.data.getSize() - headersize;
	SharedBuffer<u8> chunkdata(chunkdatasize);
	memcpy(*chunkdata, &(p.data[headersize]), chunkdatasize);

	if (!sp->insert(chunk_num, chunkdata))
		return SharedBuffer<u8>();

	// If not all chunks are received, return empty buffer
	if (!sp->allReceived())
		return SharedBuffer<u8>();

	SharedBuffer<u8> fulldata = sp->reassemble();

	// Remove sp from buffer
	m_buf.erase(seqnum);
	delete sp;

	return fulldata;
}

void IncomingSplitBuffer::removeUnreliableTimedOuts(float dtime, float timeout)
{
	std::deque<u16> remove_queue;
	{
		MutexAutoLock listlock(m_map_mutex);
		for (auto &i : m_buf) {
			IncomingSplitPacket *p = i.second;
			// Reliable ones are not removed by timeout
			if (p->reliable)
				continue;
			p->time += dtime;
			if (p->time >= timeout)
				remove_queue.push_back(i.first);
		}
	}
	for (u16 j : remove_queue) {
		MutexAutoLock listlock(m_map_mutex);
		LOG(dout_con<<"NOTE: Removing timed out unreliable split packet"<<std::endl);
		delete m_buf[j];
		m_buf.erase(j);
	}
}

/*
	ConnectionCommand
 */

void ConnectionCommand::send(session_t peer_id_, u8 channelnum_, NetworkPacket *pkt,
	bool reliable_)
{
	type = CONNCMD_SEND;
	peer_id = peer_id_;
	channelnum = channelnum_;
	data = pkt->oldForgePacket();
	reliable = reliable_;
}

/*
	Channel
*/

u16 Channel::readNextIncomingSeqNum()
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	return next_incoming_seqnum;
}

u16 Channel::incNextIncomingSeqNum()
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	u16 retval = next_incoming_seqnum;
	next_incoming_seqnum++;
	return retval;
}

u16 Channel::readNextSplitSeqNum()
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	return next_outgoing_split_seqnum;
}
void Channel::setNextSplitSeqNum(u16 seqnum)
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	next_outgoing_split_seqnum = seqnum;
}

u16 Channel::getOutgoingSequenceNumber(bool& successful)
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	u16 retval = next_outgoing_seqnum;
	u16 lowest_unacked_seqnumber;

	/* shortcut if there ain't any packet in outgoing list */
	if (outgoing_reliables_sent.empty())
	{
		next_outgoing_seqnum++;
		return retval;
	}

	if (outgoing_reliables_sent.getFirstSeqnum(lowest_unacked_seqnumber))
	{
		if (lowest_unacked_seqnumber < next_outgoing_seqnum) {
			// ugly cast but this one is required in order to tell compiler we
			// know about difference of two unsigned may be negative in general
			// but we already made sure it won't happen in this case
			if (((u16)(next_outgoing_seqnum - lowest_unacked_seqnumber)) > window_size) {
				successful = false;
				return 0;
			}
		}
		else {
			// ugly cast but this one is required in order to tell compiler we
			// know about difference of two unsigned may be negative in general
			// but we already made sure it won't happen in this case
			if ((next_outgoing_seqnum + (u16)(SEQNUM_MAX - lowest_unacked_seqnumber)) >
				window_size) {
				successful = false;
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}

	next_outgoing_seqnum++;
	return retval;
}

u16 Channel::readOutgoingSequenceNumber()
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	return next_outgoing_seqnum;
}

bool Channel::putBackSequenceNumber(u16 seqnum)
{
	if (((seqnum + 1) % (SEQNUM_MAX+1)) == next_outgoing_seqnum) {

		next_outgoing_seqnum = seqnum;
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

void Channel::UpdateBytesSent(unsigned int bytes, unsigned int packets)
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	current_bytes_transfered += bytes;
	current_packet_successful += packets;
}

void Channel::UpdateBytesReceived(unsigned int bytes) {
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	current_bytes_received += bytes;
}

void Channel::UpdateBytesLost(unsigned int bytes)
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	current_bytes_lost += bytes;
}


void Channel::UpdatePacketLossCounter(unsigned int count)
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	current_packet_loss += count;
}

void Channel::UpdatePacketTooLateCounter()
{
	MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
	current_packet_too_late++;
}

void Channel::UpdateTimers(float dtime)
{
	bpm_counter += dtime;
	packet_loss_counter += dtime;

	if (packet_loss_counter > 1.0f) {
		packet_loss_counter -= 1.0f;

		unsigned int packet_loss = 11; /* use a neutral value for initialization */
		unsigned int packets_successful = 0;
		//unsigned int packet_too_late = 0;

		bool reasonable_amount_of_data_transmitted = false;

		{
			MutexAutoLock internal(m_internal_mutex);
			packet_loss = current_packet_loss;
			//packet_too_late = current_packet_too_late;
			packets_successful = current_packet_successful;

			if (current_bytes_transfered > (unsigned int) (window_size*512/2)) {
				reasonable_amount_of_data_transmitted = true;
			}
			current_packet_loss = 0;
			current_packet_too_late = 0;
			current_packet_successful = 0;
		}

		/* dynamic window size */
		float successful_to_lost_ratio = 0.0f;
		bool done = false;

		if (packets_successful > 0) {
			successful_to_lost_ratio = packet_loss/packets_successful;
		} else if (packet_loss > 0) {
			window_size = std::max(
					(window_size - 10),
					MIN_RELIABLE_WINDOW_SIZE);
			done = true;
		}

		if (!done) {
			if ((successful_to_lost_ratio < 0.01f) &&
				(window_size < MAX_RELIABLE_WINDOW_SIZE)) {
				/* don't even think about increasing if we didn't even
				 * use major parts of our window */
				if (reasonable_amount_of_data_transmitted)
					window_size = std::min(
							(window_size + 100),
							MAX_RELIABLE_WINDOW_SIZE);
			} else if ((successful_to_lost_ratio < 0.05f) &&
					(window_size < MAX_RELIABLE_WINDOW_SIZE)) {
				/* don't even think about increasing if we didn't even
				 * use major parts of our window */
				if (reasonable_amount_of_data_transmitted)
					window_size = std::min(