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#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\begin_body

\begin_layout Title
Minetest Mod - Advanced Trains [advtrains]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Title
Interlocking System Guide
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In real-world railways, a so-called interlocking system is a set of railway
 signals and trackside equipment.
 Its purpose is to prevent conflicting train movements which otherwise could
 result in derailing or colliding trains.
 If you want more information, just search for 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

railway interlocking
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 on the internet.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Real-world interlocking systems perform this task by setting routes.
 A route is a path along a track that a train can safely pass.
 To set a route for a train, the signalman (the operator of a signal box)
 has to set switches (turnouts) to the correct position and lock them in
 order to make a signal for a train show 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Proceed
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 In newer systems, this is done automatically by the interlocking system.
 A route can not be set if switches are locked to a wrong position by another
 route or if any portion of the route is occupied by a train.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The interlocking system in this Minetest mod tries to follow real-world
 interlocking systems as far as applicable.
 It divides tracks into track sections and implements a route setting mechanism
 following the same principle.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
However, for the sake of simplicity of implementation and usage, not all
 concepts of real-world interlocking have been taken over.
 Especially, there is no mechanism for overlap.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you are looking for a place to learn how real-world interlocking systems
 work, have a look at 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

SimSig
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 By looking at their simulations, you can obtain experience on how to set
 up your own interlocking systems in AdvTrains.
 The SimSig glossary is a good place to look up unknown terms in this document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Setting up track sections
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In the real world, a line of track is divided into so-called track sections,
 or track circuits.
 Those systems often can not tell where exactly a train is, but only which
 track sections it occupies.
 A route can never be set through an occupied track section.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A track section often covers:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
A section on a main running line, between two signals
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
A single turnout
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
A rail crossing, or a set of turnouts acting as a double/single slip switch
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
A siding
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You will find some examples on how to interlock certain patterns later.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Track Circuit Breaks
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In this mod, you will not directly configure the locations of track sections.
 Instead, you designate the borders of each track section using a special
 node, the Track Circuit Break, abbreviated TCB.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For example, if you want to create a track section for a piece of a main
 running line, you set up two TCBs at the ends of this track circuit.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Setting up a TCB works as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Place a TCB node somewhere near the place where the circuit break is going
 to be located.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Right-click the TCB node
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Punch the rail which should act as TCB
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The result should look like this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename lyx_img/screenshot_20180830_142551.png
	width 10cm

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Now you have assigned the TCB node to a rail.
 Right-click the TCB node once again.
 This will bring up a form which looks as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-26-35.png
	width 10cm

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You see that the form is divided in side A and side B.
 To designate where each side is, a marker is displayed on the rail.
 You can always make this marker show up by punching the TCB node, and remove
 it by punching the marker.
 Both sides are shown as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

End of interlocking
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 This means that there is no track section set up at this place.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You should repeat this procedure once again a few meters away from the first
 TCB to create a second TCB on the same track.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-32-48.png
	width 10cm

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Once you have both bordering TCBs set up, you can now create the actual
 track section.
 To do this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Right-click one of the TCBs
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Locate the correct side (A or B) to create the track section
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Click 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Create interlocked Track Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in the formspec on the chosen side.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Now, the text on the formspec has changed.
 It shows something like this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-27-25.png
	width 5cm

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Clicking 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Show Track Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 brings up another formspec:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-28-32.png
	width 5cm

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On the top, you see a list of all TCBs that border this track section.
 In your case, there should be two TCBs listed.
 If there's only one, head over to 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Long-track-sections,"

\end_inset

.
 You should now select a name for the track section, to identify it later.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The same procedure is applicable when you create a turnout track section,
 except that you have to set up three or more TCBs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The AdvTrains interlocking system allows you to add more TCBs after you
 have created a track section.
 This works without problems in most cases.
 For example, you can easily insert a turnout into an already set-up track
 section and create another TCB behind it, and AdvTrains will automatically
 detect the existing track section.
 Problems arise only if you try to insert a TCB in-between a section, in
 which case both sides of the TCB will end up assigned to the same section.
 The code currently does not handle this case properly, so try to avoid
 this situation by all means.
 As a last resort, you can always dissolve a faulty track section, as described
 in the next chapter.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Long track sections, crossings and other edge cases
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Long-track-sections,"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Very long track sections
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you try to set up a track section that is longer than 1000 nodes, advtrains
 won't recognize the TCB at the other end because of a safety limit in the
 traverser function, which is supposed to prevent deadlocks.
 This case has happened when the Track Section overview screen only shows
 one TCB in the list.
 The procedure for this is as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Go to the second TCB (the one that wasn't recognized).
 It should show 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

End of Interlocking
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 on the relevant side.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Click 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Create interlocked track section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 The section created will be different from the one that is already present.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
In the track section overview, click 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Join into other section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Go back to the first TCB, bring up the Track Section overview screen of
 the first track section and click 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Join with ???
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The other, missing TCB should now appear in the list.
 If you accidentally started such a joining procedure, click the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

X
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 button on the right.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Rail crosses
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Since rail crosses are created by laying tracks across each other without
 logical connection, there's no way for advtrains to know whether rails
 cross each other.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Rail crossings in interlocking systems are always one single track section,
 which in most cases has 4 TCBs adjacent.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename lyx_img/Bildschirmfoto_2018-08-30_14-51-25.png
	width 5cm

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The procedure is quite similar to the one for long sections: First, create
 two track sections for the branches, and then use the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Join
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 function to merge both sections into one.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Deleting and re-adding single TCBs to a section
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In some occasions, for example when you remove a siding or a crossover,
 it can be necessary to unassign a TCB from a track section.
 There are multiple ways to do this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
In the TCB form, click the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Remove from section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 button
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
In the track section form, first select the TCB in the list and then click
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Unlink selected TCB
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The result is that the TCB shows 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

End of Interlocking
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and the section does not list the TCB as an endpoint anymore.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The other case is adding a siding or a crossover, in which case one or more
 TCBs still show 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

End of Interlocking
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 although they should be part of a section:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Go to another TCB that is registered in the track section and click 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Update near TCBs
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
If that did not work, follow the procedure of creating a long track section
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Dissolving sections
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you made a mistake setting up something and you don't see any other way
 to fix a misconfigured track section, you can always delete it using the
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Dissolve section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 button.
 This operation removes the track section and sets all TCBs that previously
 belonged to the section as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

End of Interlocking
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 This will always work and lets you start over new with setting up track
 sections.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Interlocking patterns
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Have a look at the following images.
 They show you how you can set up sections so that reasonable train moves
 are possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You should settle on a naming scheme for your sections.
 This way, you can determine the source of an issue faster
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Signals and routes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Signals are appliances that can give instructions to trains.
 That can be the permission to proceed, a speed restriction, or other informatio
n.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are 2 types of signals:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Static signals always display the same information to the train.
 This can be a speed restriction (or the end of one), a disallowal to proceed
 as shunt move or similar things.
 In most cases, these are signs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dynamic signals are what most people would call a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

signal
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Its function is to inform trains about whether and at which speed they
 can proceed into the next section safely.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Signal Influence Point
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Every signal is associated to a track on which the instruction should be
 followed.
 Signals are usually placed right next to the track on the right side.
 Human observers do know then that the signal belongs to the track left
 of it, however, train safety systems (like the one in advtrains) can not.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This is the reason why a so-called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

influence point
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 needs to be assigned to any signal that should actually give instructions
 to trains, should the driver (if even there is one) fail to recognize the
 instructions.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Depending on the signal and the mod that adds the signal, there are different
 ways to configure this.
 Signals integrated into advtrains behave as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Static signals and all red-green light signals from core advtrains that
 are not assigned to a TCB can be configured by holding the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Use
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 key and then right-clicking the signal
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
All signals that are assigned to a TCB can be configured by first right-clicking
 them, then selecting 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Influence Point
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in the signalling formspec.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The small formspec that opens allows you to set and later view or clear
 the Influence Point.
 To set the influence point, click the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Set
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 button, face towards the signal and punch a rail about 2m in front of the
 signal.
 A small marker will be shown, indicating success.
 To cancel setting an influence point, punch anything other.
 (note that then the influence point remains unset, regardless of its previous
 state)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The advtrains-internal train safety system ensures that the train always
 obeys any restrictions imposed by signals, if (and only if) the influence
 point is set properly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Signal Aspects
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
While static signals are mainly used for speed restrictions, the interesting
 ones are variable signals.
 Of course, you can always control any variable signal by traditional means
 (mesecons, digiline, right-click) if the signal allows it, but that misses
 the point of this interlocking system.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A signal aspect is a piece of information that a signal shows to the train
 driver.
 It contains information about whether and at what speed the driver may
 proceed at the signal.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Every signal, both static and dynamic ones, imposes a certain aspect to
 trains passing the signal.
 For static signals, this is always the same aspect, such as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Proceed at speed of 8
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Shunt moves may not pass
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Dynamic signals, however, can display multiple different aspects.
 The default for them is always as restrictive as possible, mostly 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Halt!
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You should know that both static and dynamic signals use exactly the same
 properties for signal aspects.
 There is no difference in the meaning of the aspect definitions.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In the following sections, we will talk about main signals.
 By this, we mean a variable signal that can display both a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Danger
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 aspect (trains are not allowed to proceed) and at least one 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Proceed
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 aspect (train may proceed as train/shunt move, with optional speed restriction)
, which act as an 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

entry signal
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 for one or multiple routes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Train moves and Shunt Moves
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
A 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Train move
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 is a train that is running, going to run on or coming from a main line
 between stations, passing through or stopping at a station.
 Train moves can expect that there are no obstacles on the route and they
 can proceed at the maximum permitted speed of the line.
 This is the regular operation mode for trains.
 Shunt signals have no meaning for train moves.
\end_layout