Remove dependency on marshal and many other async changes

This makes a number of changes:
  * Remove the dependency on marshal by using string.dump and loadstring.
  * Use lua_tolstring rather than having Lua functions pass string lengths to C++.
  * Move lua_api/l_async_events.* to cpp_api/s_async.*, where it belongs.
  * Make AsyncWorkerThread a child of ScriptApiBase, this removes some duplicate functionality.
  * Don't wait for async threads to shut down.  (Is this safe?  Might result in corruption if the thread is writing to a file.)
  * Pop more unused items from the stack
  * Code style fixes
  * Other misc changes

3 files changed, 473 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/script/cpp_api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/script/cpp_api/CMakeLists.txt
index b753eda17..c45020055 100644
--- a/src/script/cpp_api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/script/cpp_api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ set(common_SCRIPT_CPP_API_SRCS
 	${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/s_nodemeta.cpp
 	${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/s_player.cpp
 	${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/s_server.cpp
+	${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/s_async.cpp
 	PARENT_SCOPE)
 
 # Used by client only
diff --git a/src/script/cpp_api/s_async.cpp b/src/script/cpp_api/s_async.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..603b6fe9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/script/cpp_api/s_async.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+Minetest
+Copyright (C) 2013 sapier, <sapier AT gmx DOT net>
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
+with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+}
+
+#include "s_async.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "filesys.h"
+#include "porting.h"
+#include "common/c_internal.h"
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+AsyncEngine::AsyncEngine() :
+	m_initDone(false),
+	m_JobIdCounter(0)
+{
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+AsyncEngine::~AsyncEngine()
+{
+	// Force kill all threads
+	for (std::vector<AsyncWorkerThread*>::iterator i = m_WorkerThreads.begin();
+			i != m_WorkerThreads.end(); i++) {
+		(*i)->Kill();
+		delete *i;
+	}
+
+	m_JobQueueMutex.Lock();
+	m_JobQueue.clear();
+	m_JobQueueMutex.Unlock();
+	m_WorkerThreads.clear();
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+bool AsyncEngine::registerFunction(const char* name, lua_CFunction func)
+{
+	if (m_initDone) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	m_FunctionList[name] = func;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+void AsyncEngine::Initialize(unsigned int numEngines)
+{
+	m_initDone = true;
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < numEngines; i++) {
+		AsyncWorkerThread* toAdd = new AsyncWorkerThread(this, i);
+		m_WorkerThreads.push_back(toAdd);
+		toAdd->Start();
+	}
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+unsigned int AsyncEngine::doAsyncJob(std::string func, std::string params)
+{
+	m_JobQueueMutex.Lock();
+	LuaJobInfo toadd;
+	toadd.JobId = m_JobIdCounter++;
+	toadd.serializedFunction = func;
+	toadd.serializedParams = params;
+
+	m_JobQueue.push_back(toadd);
+
+	m_JobQueueCounter.Post();
+
+	m_JobQueueMutex.Unlock();
+
+	return toadd.JobId;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+LuaJobInfo AsyncEngine::getJob()
+{
+	m_JobQueueCounter.Wait();
+	m_JobQueueMutex.Lock();
+
+	LuaJobInfo retval;
+	retval.valid = false;
+
+	if (m_JobQueue.size() != 0) {
+		retval = m_JobQueue.front();
+		retval.valid = true;
+		m_JobQueue.erase(m_JobQueue.begin());
+	}
+	m_JobQueueMutex.Unlock();
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+void AsyncEngine::putJobResult(LuaJobInfo result)
+{
+	m_ResultQueueMutex.Lock();
+	m_ResultQueue.push_back(result);
+	m_ResultQueueMutex.Unlock();
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+void AsyncEngine::Step(lua_State *L, int errorhandler)
+{
+	lua_getglobal(L, "engine");
+	m_ResultQueueMutex.Lock();
+	while (!m_ResultQueue.empty()) {
+		LuaJobInfo jobdone = m_ResultQueue.front();
+		m_ResultQueue.erase(m_ResultQueue.begin());
+
+		lua_getfield(L, -1, "async_event_handler");
+
+		if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+			assert("Async event handler does not exist!" == 0);
+		}
+
+		luaL_checktype(L, -1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+
+		lua_pushinteger(L, jobdone.JobId);
+		lua_pushlstring(L, jobdone.serializedResult.c_str(),
+				jobdone.serializedResult.length());
+
+		if (lua_pcall(L, 2, 0, errorhandler)) {
+			script_error(L);
+		}
+	}
+	m_ResultQueueMutex.Unlock();
+	lua_pop(L, 1); // Pop engine
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+void AsyncEngine::PushFinishedJobs(lua_State* L) {
+	// Result Table
+	m_ResultQueueMutex.Lock();
+
+	unsigned int index = 1;
+	lua_createtable(L, m_ResultQueue.size(), 0);
+	int top = lua_gettop(L);
+
+	while (!m_ResultQueue.empty()) {
+		LuaJobInfo jobdone = m_ResultQueue.front();
+		m_ResultQueue.erase(m_ResultQueue.begin());
+
+		lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);  // Pre-alocate space for two map fields
+		int top_lvl2 = lua_gettop(L);
+
+		lua_pushstring(L, "jobid");
+		lua_pushnumber(L, jobdone.JobId);
+		lua_settable(L, top_lvl2);
+
+		lua_pushstring(L, "retval");
+		lua_pushlstring(L, jobdone.serializedResult.data(),
+			jobdone.serializedResult.size());
+		lua_settable(L, top_lvl2);
+
+		lua_rawseti(L, top, index++);
+	}
+
+	m_ResultQueueMutex.Unlock();
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+void AsyncEngine::PrepareEnvironment(lua_State* L, int top) {
+	for (std::map<std::string, lua_CFunction>::iterator it = m_FunctionList.begin();
+			it != m_FunctionList.end(); it++) {
+		lua_pushstring(L, it->first.c_str());
+		lua_pushcfunction(L, it->second);
+		lua_settable(L, top);
+	}
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+AsyncWorkerThread::AsyncWorkerThread(AsyncEngine* jobDispatcher,
+		unsigned int threadNum) :
+	ScriptApiBase(),
+	m_JobDispatcher(jobDispatcher),
+	m_threadnum(threadNum)
+{
+	lua_State *L = getStack();
+
+	luaL_openlibs(L);
+
+	// Prepare job lua environment
+	lua_newtable(L);
+	lua_setglobal(L, "engine");
+	lua_getglobal(L, "engine");
+	int top = lua_gettop(L);
+
+	lua_pushstring(L, DIR_DELIM);
+	lua_setglobal(L, "DIR_DELIM");
+
+	lua_pushstring(L,
+			(porting::path_share + DIR_DELIM + "builtin").c_str());
+	lua_setglobal(L, "SCRIPTDIR");
+
+	m_JobDispatcher->PrepareEnvironment(L, top);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+AsyncWorkerThread::~AsyncWorkerThread()
+{
+	assert(IsRunning() == false);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+void* AsyncWorkerThread::Thread()
+{
+	ThreadStarted();
+
+	// Register thread for error logging
+	char number[21];
+	snprintf(number, sizeof(number), "%d", m_threadnum);
+	log_register_thread(std::string("AsyncWorkerThread_") + number);
+
+	porting::setThreadName((std::string("AsyncWorkTh_") + number).c_str());
+
+	std::string asyncscript = porting::path_share + DIR_DELIM + "builtin"
+			+ DIR_DELIM + "async_env.lua";
+
+	if (!loadScript(asyncscript)) {
+		errorstream
+			<< "AsyncWorkderThread execution of async base environment failed!"
+			<< std::endl;
+		abort();
+	}
+
+	lua_State *L = getStack();
+	// Main loop
+	while (!StopRequested()) {
+		// Wait for job
+		LuaJobInfo toProcess = m_JobDispatcher->getJob();
+
+		if (toProcess.valid == false || StopRequested()) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		lua_getglobal(L, "engine");
+		if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+			errorstream << "Unable to find engine within async environment!";
+			abort();
+		}
+
+		lua_getfield(L, -1, "job_processor");
+		if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+			errorstream << "Unable to get async job processor!" << std::endl;
+			abort();
+		}
+
+		luaL_checktype(L, -1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+
+		// Call it
+		lua_pushlstring(L,
+				toProcess.serializedFunction.data(),
+				toProcess.serializedFunction.size());
+		lua_pushlstring(L,
+				toProcess.serializedParams.data(),
+				toProcess.serializedParams.size());
+
+		if (lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, m_errorhandler)) {
+			scriptError();
+			toProcess.serializedResult = "";
+		} else {
+			// Fetch result
+			size_t length;
+			const char *retval = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &length);
+			toProcess.serializedResult = std::string(retval, length);
+		}
+
+		// Pop engine, job_processor, and retval
+		lua_pop(L, 3);
+
+		// Put job result
+		m_JobDispatcher->putJobResult(toProcess);
+	}
+	log_deregister_thread();
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/script/cpp_api/s_async.h b/src/script/cpp_api/s_async.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5c0e091d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/script/cpp_api/s_async.h
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+Minetest
+Copyright (C) 2013 sapier, <sapier AT gmx DOT net>
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
+with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+*/
+
+#ifndef L_ASYNC_EVENTS_H_
+#define L_ASYNC_EVENTS_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+
+#include "jthread/jthread.h"
+#include "jthread/jmutex.h"
+#include "jthread/jsemaphore.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "cpp_api/s_base.h"
+
+// Forward declarations
+class AsyncEngine;
+
+
+// Declarations
+
+// Data required to queue a job
+struct LuaJobInfo {
+	// Function to be called in async environment
+	std::string serializedFunction;
+	// Parameter to be passed to function
+	std::string serializedParams;
+	// Result of function call
+	std::string serializedResult;
+	// JobID used to identify a job and match it to callback
+	unsigned int JobId;
+
+	bool valid;
+};
+
+// Asynchronous working environment
+class AsyncWorkerThread : public JThread, public ScriptApiBase {
+public:
+	/**
+	 * default constructor
+	 * @param pointer to job dispatcher
+	 */
+	AsyncWorkerThread(AsyncEngine* jobDispatcher, unsigned int threadNum);
+
+	virtual ~AsyncWorkerThread();
+
+	void* Thread();
+
+private:
+	AsyncEngine* m_JobDispatcher;
+
+	// Thread number. Used for debug output
+	unsigned int m_threadnum;
+
+};
+
+// Asynchornous thread and job management
+class AsyncEngine {
+	friend class AsyncWorkerThread;
+public:
+	AsyncEngine();
+	~AsyncEngine();
+
+	/**
+	 * Register function to be used within engine
+	 * @param name Function name to be used within Lua environment
+	 * @param func C function to be called
+	 */
+	bool registerFunction(const char* name, lua_CFunction func);
+
+	/**
+	 * Create async engine tasks and lock function registration
+	 * @param numEngines Number of async threads to be started
+	 */
+	void Initialize(unsigned int numEngines);
+
+	/**
+	 * queue/run a async job
+	 * @param func Serialized lua function
+	 * @param params Serialized parameters
+	 * @return jobid The job is queued
+	 */
+	unsigned int doAsyncJob(std::string func, std::string params);
+
+	/**
+	 * Engine step to process finished jobs
+	 *   the engine step is one way to pass events back, PushFinishedJobs another
+	 * @param L The Lua stack
+	 * @param errorhandler Stack index of the Lua error handler
+	 */
+	void Step(lua_State *L, int errorhandler);
+
+	/**
+	 * Push a list of finished jobs onto the stack
+	 * @param L The Lua stack
+	 */
+	void PushFinishedJobs(lua_State *L);
+
+protected:
+	/**
+	 * Get a Job from queue to be processed
+	 *  this function blocks until a job is ready
+	 * @return a job to be processed
+	 */
+	LuaJobInfo getJob();
+
+	/**
+	 * Put a Job result back to result queue
+	 * @param result result of completed job
+	 */
+	void putJobResult(LuaJobInfo result);
+
+	/**
+	 * Initialize environment with current registred functions
+	 *  this function adds all functions registred by registerFunction to the
+	 *  passed lua stack
+	 * @param L Lua stack to initialize
+	 * @param top Stack position
+	 */
+	void PrepareEnvironment(lua_State* L, int top);
+
+private:
+
+	// Stack index of error handler
+	int m_errorhandler;
+
+	// variable locking the engine against further modification
+	bool m_initDone;
+
+	// Internal store for registred functions
+	std::map<std::string, lua_CFunction> m_FunctionList;
+
+	// Internal counter to create job IDs
+	unsigned int m_JobIdCounter;
+
+	// Mutex to protect job queue
+	JMutex m_JobQueueMutex;
+
+	// Job queue
+	std::vector<LuaJobInfo> m_JobQueue;
+
+	// Mutex to protect result queue
+	JMutex m_ResultQueueMutex;
+	// Result queue
+	std::vector<LuaJobInfo> m_ResultQueue;
+
+	// List of current worker threads
+	std::vector<AsyncWorkerThread*> m_WorkerThreads;
+
+	// Counter semaphore for job dispatching
+	JSemaphore m_JobQueueCounter;
+};
+
+#endif // L_ASYNC_EVENTS_H_