src/porting.h


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/*
Minetest
Copyright (C) 2013 celeron55, Perttu Ahola <celeron55@gmail.com>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/

/*
	Random portability stuff
*/

#ifndef PORTING_HEADER
#define PORTING_HEADER

#include <string>
#include "irrlichttypes.h" // u32
#include "debug.h"
#include "constants.h"

#ifdef _MSC_VER
	#define SWPRINTF_CHARSTRING L"%S"
#else
	#define SWPRINTF_CHARSTRING L"%s"
#endif

//currently not needed
//template<typename T> struct alignment_trick { char c; T member; };
//#define ALIGNOF(type) offsetof (alignment_trick<type>, member)

#ifdef _WIN32
	#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
		#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
	#endif
	#include <windows.h>
	
	#define sleep_ms(x) Sleep(x)
#else
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <stdint.h> //for uintptr_t
	
	#if (defined(linux) || defined(__linux)) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
		#define _GNU_SOURCE
	#endif

	#include <sched.h>

	#ifdef __FreeBSD__
		#include <pthread_np.h>
		typedef cpuset_t cpu_set_t;
	#elif defined(__sun) || defined(sun)
		#include <sys/types.h>
		#include <sys/processor.h>
	#elif defined(_AIX)
		#include <sys/processor.h>
	#elif __APPLE__
		#include <mach/mach_init.h>
		#include <mach/thread_policy.h>
	#endif

	#define sleep_ms(x) usleep(x*1000)
	
	#define THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST       0
	#define THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL 1
	#define THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL       2
	#define THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL 3
	#define THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST      4
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
	#define ALIGNOF(x) __alignof(x)
	#define strtok_r(x, y, z) strtok_s(x, y, z)
	#define strtof(x, y) (float)strtod(x, y)
	#define strtoll(x, y, z) _strtoi64(x, y, z)
	#define strtoull(x, y, z) _strtoui64(x, y, z)
	#define strcasecmp(x, y) stricmp(x, y)
#else
	#define ALIGNOF(x) __alignof__(x)
#endif

#ifdef __MINGW32__
	#define strtok_r(x, y, z) mystrtok_r(x, y, z)
#endif

#define PADDING(x, y) ((ALIGNOF(y) - ((uintptr_t)(x) & (ALIGNOF(y) - 1))) & (ALIGNOF(y) - 1))

namespace porting
{

/*
	Signal handler (grabs Ctrl-C on POSIX systems)
*/

void signal_handler_init(void);
// Returns a pointer to a bool.
// When the bool is true, program should quit.
bool * signal_handler_killstatus(void);

/*
	Path of static data directory.
*/
extern std::string path_share;

/*
	Directory for storing user data. Examples:
	Windows: "C:\Documents and Settings\user\Application Data\<PROJECT_NAME>"
	Linux: "~/.<PROJECT_NAME>"
	Mac: "~/Library/Application Support/<PROJECT_NAME>"
*/
extern std::string path_user;

/*
	Get full path of stuff in data directory.
	Example: "stone.png" -> "../data/stone.png"
*/
std::string getDataPath(const char *subpath);

/*
	Initialize path_share and path_user.
*/
void initializePaths();

/*
	Get number of online processors in the system.
*/
int getNumberOfProcessors();

/*
	Set a thread's affinity to a particular processor.
*/
bool threadBindToProcessor(threadid_t tid, int pnumber);

/*
	Set a thread's priority.
*/
bool threadSetPriority(threadid_t tid, int prio);

/*
	Resolution is 10-20ms.
	Remember to check for overflows.
	Overflow can occur at any value higher than 10000000.
*/
#ifdef _WIN32 // Windows
	#include <windows.h>
	inline u32 getTimeMs()
	{
		return GetTickCount();
	}
#else // Posix
	#include <sys/time.h>
	inline u32 getTimeMs()
	{
		struct timeval tv;
		gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
		return tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000;
	}
	/*#include <sys/timeb.h>
	inline u32 getTimeMs()
	{
		struct timeb tb;
		ftime(&tb);
		return tb.time * 1000 + tb.millitm;
	}*/
#endif

} // namespace porting

#endif // PORTING_HEADER
/*
Minetest
Copyright (C) 2010-2013 celeron55, Perttu Ahola <celeron55@gmail.com>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/

#pragma once

#include "irrlichttypes_bloated.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cctype>
#include <unordered_map>

#define STRINGIFY(x) #x
#define TOSTRING(x) STRINGIFY(x)

// Checks whether a value is an ASCII printable character
#define IS_ASCII_PRINTABLE_CHAR(x)   \
	(((unsigned int)(x) >= 0x20) &&  \
	( (unsigned int)(x) <= 0x7e))

// Checks whether a byte is an inner byte for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
#define IS_UTF8_MULTB_INNER(x)       \
	(((unsigned char)(x) >= 0x80) && \
	( (unsigned char)(x) <= 0xbf))

// Checks whether a byte is a start byte for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
#define IS_UTF8_MULTB_START(x)       \
	(((unsigned char)(x) >= 0xc2) && \
	( (unsigned char)(x) <= 0xf4))

// Given a start byte x for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
// it gives the length of the whole sequence in bytes.
#define UTF8_MULTB_START_LEN(x)            \
	(((unsigned char)(x) < 0xe0) ? 2 :     \
	(((unsigned char)(x) < 0xf0) ? 3 : 4))

typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> StringMap;

struct FlagDesc {
	const char *name;
	u32 flag;
};

// try not to convert between wide/utf8 encodings; this can result in data loss
// try to only convert between them when you need to input/output stuff via Irrlicht
std::wstring utf8_to_wide(const std::string &input);
std::string wide_to_utf8(const std::wstring &input);

wchar_t *utf8_to_wide_c(const char *str);

// NEVER use those two functions unless you have a VERY GOOD reason to
// they just convert between wide and multibyte encoding
// multibyte encoding depends on current locale, this is no good, especially on Windows

// You must free the returned string!
// The returned string is allocated using new
wchar_t *narrow_to_wide_c(const char *str);
std::wstring narrow_to_wide(const std::string &mbs);
std::string wide_to_narrow(const std::wstring &wcs);

std::string urlencode(const std::string &str);
std::string urldecode(const std::string &str);
u32 readFlagString(std::string str, const FlagDesc *flagdesc, u32 *flagmask);
std::string writeFlagString(u32 flags, const FlagDesc *flagdesc, u32 flagmask);
size_t mystrlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);
char *mystrtok_r(char *s, const char *sep, char **lasts);
u64 read_seed(const char *str);
bool parseColorString(const std::string &value, video::SColor &color, bool quiet,
		unsigned char default_alpha = 0xff);


/**
 * Returns a copy of \p str with spaces inserted at the right hand side to ensure
 * that the string is \p len characters in length. If \p str is <= \p len then the
 * returned string will be identical to str.
 */
inline std::string padStringRight(std::string str, size_t len)
{
	if (len > str.size())
		str.insert(str.end(), len - str.size(), ' ');

	return str;
}

/**
 * Returns a version of \p str with the first occurrence of a string
 * contained within ends[] removed from the end of the string.
 *
 * @param str
 * @param ends A NULL- or ""- terminated array of strings to remove from s in
 *	the copy produced.  Note that once one of these strings is removed
 *	that no further postfixes contained within this array are removed.
 *
 * @return If no end could be removed then "" is returned.
 */
inline std::string removeStringEnd(const std::string &str,
		const char *ends[])
{
	const char **p = ends;

	for (; *p && (*p)[0] != '\0'; p++) {
		std::string end = *p;
		if (str.size() < end.size())
			continue;
		if (str.compare(str.size() - end.size(), end.size(), end) == 0)
			return str.substr(0, str.size() - end.size());
	}

	return "";
}


/**
 * Check two strings for equivalence.  If \p case_insensitive is true
 * then the case of the strings is ignored (default is false).
 *
 * @param s1
 * @param s2
 * @param case_insensitive
 * @return true if the strings match
 */
template <typename T>
inline bool str_equal(const std::basic_string<T> &s1,
		const std::basic_string<T> &s2,
		bool case_insensitive = false)
{
	if (!case_insensitive)
		return s1 == s2;

	if (s1.size() != s2.size())
		return false;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); ++i)
		if(tolower(s1[i]) != tolower(s2[i]))
			return false;

	return true;
}


/**
 * Check whether \p str begins with the string prefix. If \p case_insensitive
 * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
 * significant).
 *
 * @param str
 * @param prefix
 * @param case_insensitive
 * @return true if the str begins with prefix
 */
template <typename T>
inline bool str_starts_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
		const std::basic_string<T> &prefix,
		bool case_insensitive = false)
{
	if (str.size() < prefix.size())
		return false;

	if (!case_insensitive)
		return str.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < prefix.size(); ++i)
		if (tolower(str[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
			return false;
	return true;
}

/**
 * Check whether \p str begins with the string prefix. If \p case_insensitive
 * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
 * significant).
 *
 * @param str
 * @param prefix
 * @param case_insensitive
 * @return true if the str begins with prefix
 */
template <typename T>
inline bool str_starts_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
		const T *prefix,
		bool case_insensitive = false)
{
	return str_starts_with(str, std::basic_string<T>(prefix),
			case_insensitive);
}


/**
 * Check whether \p str ends with the string suffix. If \p case_insensitive
 * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
 * significant).
 *
 * @param str
 * @param suffix
 * @param case_insensitive
 * @return true if the str begins with suffix
 */
template <typename T>
inline bool str_ends_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
		const std::basic_string<T> &suffix,
		bool case_insensitive = false)
{
	if (str.size() < suffix.size())
		return false;

	size_t start = str.size() - suffix.size();
	if (!case_insensitive)
		return str.compare(start, suffix.size(), suffix) == 0;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < suffix.size(); ++i)
		if (tolower(str[start + i]) != tolower(suffix[i]))
			return false;
	return true;
}


/**
 * Check whether \p str ends with the string suffix. If \p case_insensitive
 * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
 * significant).
 *
 * @param str
 * @param suffix
 * @param case_insensitive
 * @return true if the str begins with suffix
 */
template <typename T>
inline bool str_ends_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
		const T *suffix,
		bool case_insensitive = false)
{
	return str_ends_with(str, std::basic_string<T>(suffix),
			case_insensitive);
}


/**
 * Splits a string into its component parts separated by the character
 * \p delimiter.
 *
 * @return An std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > of the component parts
 */
template <typename T>
inline std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > str_split(
		const std::basic_string<T> &str,
		T delimiter)
{
	std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > parts;
	std::basic_stringstream<T> sstr(str);
	std::basic_string<T> part;

	while (std::getline(sstr, part, delimiter))
		parts.push_back(part);

	return parts;
}


/**
 * @param str
 * @return A copy of \p str converted to all lowercase characters.
 */
inline std::string lowercase(const std::string &str)
{
	std::string s2;

	s2.reserve(str.size());

	for (char i : str)
		s2 += tolower(i);

	return s2;
}


/**
 * @param str
 * @return A copy of \p str with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
 */
inline std::string trim(const std::string &str)
{
	size_t front = 0;

	while (std::isspace(str[front]))
		++front;

	size_t back = str.size();
	while (back > front && std::isspace(str[back - 1]))
		--back;

	return str.substr(front, back - front);
}


/**
 * Returns whether \p str should be regarded as (bool) true.  Case and leading
 * and trailing whitespace are ignored.  Values that will return
 * true are "y", "yes", "true" and any number that is not 0.
 * @param str
 */
inline bool is_yes(const std::string &str)
{
	std::string s2 = lowercase(trim(str));

	return s2 == "y" || s2 == "yes" || s2 == "true" || atoi(s2.c_str()) != 0;
}


/**
 * Converts the string \p str to a signed 32-bit integer. The converted value
 * is constrained so that min <= value <= max.
 *
 * @see atoi(3) for limitations
 *
 * @param str
 * @param min Range minimum
 * @param max Range maximum
 * @return The value converted to a signed 32-bit integer and constrained
 *	within the range defined by min and max (inclusive)
 */
inline s32 mystoi(const std::string &str, s32 min, s32 max)
{
	s32 i = atoi(str.c_str());

	if (i < min)
		i = min;
	if (i > max)
		i = max;

	return i;
}


// MSVC2010 includes it's own versions of these
//#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER < 1600


/**
 * Returns a 32-bit value reprensented by the string \p str (decimal).
 * @see atoi(3) for further limitations
 */
inline s32 mystoi(const std::string &str)
{
	return atoi(str.c_str());
}


/**
 * Returns s 32-bit value represented by the wide string \p str (decimal).
 * @see atoi(3) for further limitations
 */
inline s32 mystoi(const std::wstring &str)
{
	return mystoi(wide_to_narrow(str));
}


/**
 * Returns a float reprensented by the string \p str (decimal).
 * @see atof(3)
 */
inline float mystof(const std::string &str)
{
	return atof(str.c_str());
}

//#endif

#define stoi mystoi
#define stof mystof

/// Returns a value represented by the string \p val.
template <typename T>
inline T from_string(const std::string &str)
{
	std::stringstream tmp(str);
	T t;
	tmp >> t;
	return t;
}

/// Returns a 64-bit signed value represented by the string \p str (decimal).
inline s64 stoi64(const std::string &str) { return from_string<s64>(str); }

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
namespace std {

/// Returns a string representing the value \p val.
template <typename T>
inline string to_string(T val)
{
	ostringstream oss;
	oss << val;
	return oss.str();
}
#define DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(T)		\
	template <>					\
	inline string to_string<T>(T val)		\
	{						\
		ostringstream oss;			\
		oss << std::fixed			\
			<< std::setprecision(6)		\
			<< val;				\
		return oss.str();			\
	}
DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(float)
DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(double)
DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(long double)

#undef DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT

/// Returns a wide string representing the value \p val
template <typename T>
inline wstring to_wstring(T val)
{
      return utf8_to_wide(to_string(val));
}
}
#endif

/// Returns a string representing the decimal value of the 32-bit value \p i.
inline std::string itos(s32 i) { return std::to_string(i); }
/// Returns a string representing the decimal value of the 64-bit value \p i.
inline std::string i64tos(s64 i) { return std::to_string(i); }

// std::to_string uses the '%.6f' conversion, which is inconsistent with
// std::ostream::operator<<() and impractical too.  ftos() uses the